Tsim ib qho kev cawm disk Qhov rai 10 thiab txoj hauv kev los kho qhov system nrog nws

Qhov rai 10 yog lub lag luam txhim khu kev qha, tab sis nws tseem ua rau kev ua yuam kev. Tus kab mob no tawm tsam, nco phaum, download cov kev pab cuam los ntawm cov chaw uas tsis muaj mob - tag nrho cov no ua rau kev puas tsuaj rau kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub computer. Yuav kom sai tau nws, Microsoft programmers tsim ib qhov system uas tso cai rau koj los tsim ib qho rov qab los yog cawm disk uas khw muag khoom ntawm lub nruab qhov system. Koj tuaj yeem tsim nws tam sim tom qab kev txhim kho qhov rais 10, simplifies cov txheej txheem ntawm resuscitation ntawm lub system tom qab ib tug tsis ua hauj lwm. Tus cawm disk yuav tsim tau thaum lub kaw lus, uas muaj ntau ntau txoj kev xaiv.

Cov ntsiab lus

  • Dab tsi yog qhov xwm ceev rov qab qhib qhov rais 10?
  • Txoj kev los tsim ib qho rov qab ua qhov rais 10
    • Los ntawm cov tswj vaj huam sib luag
      • Yees duab: tsim ib qho kev cawm disk Qhov rai 10 siv qhov kev tswj hwm vaj huam sib luag
    • Siv cov program hauv wbadmin console
      • Yees duab: tsim ib qho duab kos duab ntawm qhov rais 10
    • Siv cov kev pabcuam thib peb
      • Tsim ib qho kev cawm disk Qhov rai 10 siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob DAEMON Ultra
      • Tsim lub Windows 10 Rescue Disk nrog lub Windows USB / DVD Download Tool los ntawm Microsoft
  • Yuav ua li cas kom lub cev siv cov khau raj
    • Yees duab: kho qhov rais 10 siv ib qho kev cawm disk
  • Teeb meem ntsib thaum tsim tus cawm disk rov qab thiab siv nws, txoj kev daws teeb meem

Dab tsi yog qhov xwm ceev rov qab qhib qhov rais 10?

Kev Ntseeg Wimdows 10 dhau nws cov thawjcuam. Qhov "kaum" ntau lub teeb tsa kev ua haujlwm uas yooj yim rau kev siv lub system rau txhua tus neeg siv. Tab sis tseem tsis muaj leej twg raug los ntawm kev ua yuam kev thiab kev ua yuam kev uas ua rau kev tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm lub computer thiab cov ntaub ntawv poob. Rau cov neeg mob zoo li no, thiab xav tau ib tug cawm disk qhov rais 10, uas tej zaum yuav xav tau txhua lub sijhawm. Nws tsuas yog tsim los ntawm cov computers nrog ib qho kev kho qhov muag tsav lossis USB xws li.

Tus cawm disk pabcuam hauv cov xwm txheej nram no:

  • Qhov rai 10 tsis pib;
  • kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo;
  • yuav tsum tau kho qhov system;
  • koj yuav tsum xa rov qab mus rau nws lub xeev.

Txoj kev los tsim ib qho rov qab ua qhov rais 10

Nws muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los tsim kev cawm disk. Xav txog lawv hauv kev nthuav dav.

Los ntawm cov tswj vaj huam sib luag

Microsoft tau tsim ib txoj kev yooj yim los tsim kev cawm disk rov qab, qhov zoo ntawm qhov txheej txheem siv yav dhau los. Qhov no cawm disk kuj yog tsim rau kev txhim kho ntawm lwm lub computer nrog lub qhov rais 10 ntsia, yog tias lawv muaj tib lub sijhawm thiab kev kho dua. Rov kho qhov system ntawm lwm lub computer, tus cawm disk yog tsim nyog yog tias lub computer muaj ib daim ntawv tso cai rau hauv Microsoft lub chaw ua hauj lwm installation.

Ua cov hauv qab no:

  1. Qhib cov "Tswj Vaj Huam Sib Luag" los ntawm ob chav rau ntawm lub cim ntawm tib lub npe ntawm lub desktop.

    Ob-nias rau ntawm "Control Panel" icon qhib qhov kev pab cuam ntawm tib lub npe.

  2. Teem lub "Saib" xaiv nyob rau sab pem hauv ntej ntawm txoj kab "Large Icons" kom yoojyim.

    Teem kev xaiv los saib "Loj cov cim loj" kom nws yooj yim dua mus nrhiav yam khoom ntawd.

  3. Nias ntawm qhov "Recovery" icon.

    Nias ntawm qhov "Recovery" icon qhib lub vaj huam sib luag ntawm tib lub npe.

  4. Hauv lub vaj huam sib luag uas tau qhib, xaiv "Tsim Recovery Disk."

    Nias qhov "Create Recovery Disc" mus ua kom muaj qhov txheej txheem ntawm tib lub npe.

  5. Pab kom muaj qhov "Backup system files to recovery disk." Cov txheej txheem yuav siv sij hawm ntau heev. Tab sis qhov rov qab los ntawm qhov rais 10 yuav ntau dua, vim tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv xav tau rau kev rov zoo los theej tawm rau kev cawm disk.

    Pab kom muaj qhov "Backup system files to recovery disk" ua kom rov ua hauj lwm zoo dua.

  6. Txuas lub twj tso rau ntawm USB chaw nres nkoj yog tias nws tsis tau txuas ua ntej. Ua ntej luam cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm nws mus rau ib qho nyuaj tsav, vim lub flash drive nws tus kheej yuav tsum reformatted.
  7. Nias rau ntawm "Next" khawm.

    Nias lub khawm "Tom ntej" los pib qhov txheej txheem.

  8. Tus txheej txheem ntawm kev luam cov ntaub ntawv rau flash drive yuav pib. Tos rau qhov kawg.

    Tos rau cov txheej txheem kev luam cov ntaub ntawv mus rau ib lub tshuab flash.

  9. Tom qab qhov xaus ntawm txoj kev luam, nias qhov "Finish" khawm.

Yees duab: tsim ib qho kev cawm disk Qhov rai 10 siv qhov kev tswj hwm vaj huam sib luag

Siv cov program hauv wbadmin console

Hauv Windows 10, muaj ib qho kev tsim kho hauv wbadmin.exe, uas ua rau nws ua tau zoo heev rau cov txheej txheem ntawm archiving cov ntaub ntawv thiab tsim ib qhov system cawm rov qab.

Cov duab tsim ntawm tus cawm disk yog ib daim ntawv luam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsav nyuaj, uas muaj xws li lub qhov rais 10 cov ntaub ntawv, cov neeg siv cov ntaub ntawv, cov neeg siv kev sib txuas, cov kev pabcuam teebmeem, thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv.

Los tsim ib qho kev pab cawm neeg tsav tsheb uas siv cov chaw pab hauv wbadmin, ua raws li cov kauj ruam nram no:

  1. Txoj cai-nias rau ntawm "Start" khawm.
  2. Hauv Start Button zaub mov uas tshwm sim, nyem rau ntawm Windows PowerShell kab (tus thawj coj).

    Ntawm Start Button tab, nyem rau ntawm Windows PowerShell (tus neeg khiav dej num)

  3. Nyob rau hauv cov thawj tswj kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tub ceev xwm hais tias, qhib qhov kev ua haujlwm: wbAdmin pib thaub qab -backupTarget: E: -cov: C: -Critical -quiet, qhov twg lub npe ntawm cov zajlus kom tau sib raug rau cov xov xwm uas qhov kev rov ua hauj lwm ntawm Windows 10 rov qab.

    Sau tus neeg txhais lus ntawm tus neeg txhais lus wbAdmin pib thaub qab -backupTarget: E: -nkauj: C: -Cov xwm txheej-ceev

  4. Nias tus yuam sij Nkag ntawm tus keyboard.
  5. Tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim kom tau ib daim qauv thaub qab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus tsav nyuab yuav pib. Tos kom tiav.

    Tos rau txheej txheem thaub qab kom tiav.

Qhov kawg ntawm tus txheej txheem, qhov WindowsImageBackup directory uas muaj lub cev duab yuav raug tsim rau ntawm daim phiaj disk.

Yog tias tsim nyog, koj tuaj yeem muaj xws li hauv daim duab thiab lwm yam kev xav ntawm lub computer. Hauv qhov no, tus neeg txhais lus yuav ua zoo li no: wbAdmin pib thaub qab -backupTarget: E: -nws: C :, D:, F, G: -CovChritical -quiet.

Sau tus wbAdmin pib thaub qab -backupTarget: E: -tsuas: C :, D :, F :, G: -CovChritical-kev pabcuam txhais lus kom muaj lub computer cov zajlus kom pom hauv duab

Thiab nws tseem ua tau kom txuag tau cov duab ntawm lub cev mus rau ib lub tshuab nplaub tshev. Tom qab ntawd tus neeg txhais lus yuav ua zoo li no: wbAdmin pib thaub qab -backupTarget: Remote_Computer Folder -ntxiv: C: -CovChiv-ceev.

Sau lub wbAdmin pib thaub qab -backupTarget: Remote_Computer Folder -dawb: C: -CovChritical-tus neeg txhais lus commander kom txuag lub cev duab rau lub nplaub tshev network

Yees duab: tsim ib qho duab kos duab ntawm qhov rais 10

Siv cov kev pabcuam thib peb

Koj tuaj yeem tsim qhov teeb meem rov qab rau phab ntsa rov qab siv ntau yam kev pabcuam thib peb.

Tsim ib qho kev cawm disk Qhov rai 10 siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob DAEMON Ultra

TXHEEJ TXHEEM Ultra Ultra yog ib qhov kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm uas tso cai rau koj mus ua haujlwm nrog txhua hom duab.

  1. Khiav ntawm DAEMON cov cuab yeej Ultra.
  2. Nyem "Cov cuab yeej". Hauv daim ntawv qhia zaub mov nco, xaiv cov kab "Tsim bootable USB".

    Hauv daim ntawv qhia zaub mov nco, nias ntawm kab "Tsim USB bootable"

  3. Txuas ib lub twj paj nruag los yog lwm yam tsav.
  4. Siv "Image" khawm, xaiv cov ntaub ntawv ISO los luam.

    Nyem ntawm "Image" khawm thiab qhib "Explorer" xaiv cov ntaub ntawv ISO los luam

  5. Pab kom muaj "Overwrite MBR" los tsim ib qho kev khau raj. Yog tias tsis tsim cov ntaub ntawv khau raj, cov xov xwm yuav tsis raug kuaj los ntawm lub computer lossis laptop ua bootable.

    Pab kom muaj "Overwrite MBR" los tsim cov ntaub ntawv khau raj

  6. Ua ntej formatting, txuag cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog los ntawm USB-tsav mus rau ib qho nyuaj tsav.
  7. NTFS cov ntaub ntawv kaw tseg tau txais. Disc daim ntawv lo tsis tuaj yeem teev. Kuaj xyuas tias flash drive muaj peev xwm tsawg kawg ntawm yim gigabytes.
  8. Nyem qhov "Start" khawm. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob DAEMON Ultra yuav pib tsim ib qho kev npaj khau raj ceev nrig lossis tsav sab nraud.

    Nias lub pob "Start" khawm pib qhov txheej txheem.

  9. Los ua ib daim ntawv teev kev khau raj yuav siv ob peb feeb, raws li nws lub ntim yog ob peb megabytes. Cia siab tias.

    Cov ntaub ntawv khau raj siv ob peb feeb.

  10. Daim duab teev cia ntev txog li nees nkaum feeb nyob ntawm saib seb cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv daim duab. Tos rau qhov kawg. Koj tuaj yeem hloov mus rau hom keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm qhov "Hide" khawm.

    Cov duab kos ntev li ntawm nees nkaum feeb, nias ntawm "Hide" khawm hloov mus rau tom qab.

  11. Thaum sau ib daim ntawv luam ntawm qhov rais 10 ntawm tus tsav flash, DAEMON Tools Ultra yuav qhia txog txoj kev vam meej ntawm txoj haujlwm. Nyem "Finish".

    Thaum koj ua tiav txoj kev cawm disk, nyem qhov "Finish" khawm kom kaw qhov kev pab cuam thiab ua tiav cov txheej txheem.

Tag nrho cov kauj ruam los ua ib qho kev cawm disk Qhov rais 10 yog nrog cov lus qhia ntxaws ntawm qhov kev zov me nyuam.

Feem ntau cov computers uas niaj hnub thiab laptops muaj USB 2.0 thiab USB 3.0 connectors. Yog tias ib lub tshuab flash tau siv ntau xyoo, ces nws sau ntawv qis dua ob peb zaug. Nyob rau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm tshiab yuav muab sau sai dua. Yog li ntawd, thaum tsim ib qho kev cawm disk, nws yog ib qho nyiam siv lub twj paj nruag tshiab. Cov ntaub ntawv ceev rau ntawm qhov muag kho qhov muag tsis zoo, tab sis nws muaj qhov kom zoo dua uas nws tau muab cia rau hauv ib lub xeev tsis siv sijhawm ntev. Lub flash drive yeej tuaj yeem ua haujlwm, uas yog ib qho uas yuav tsum tau ua rau nws tsis ua thiab tsis muaj ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb.

Tsim lub Windows 10 Rescue Disk nrog lub Windows USB / DVD Download Tool los ntawm Microsoft

Qhov rais USB / DVD Download Tool yog ib qho chaw pabcuam rau kev tsim bootable drives. Nws yooj yim heev, muaj qhov yooj yim interface thiab ua haujlwm nrog ntau hom xov xwm. Lub chaw tso dej yog qhov zoo tshaj rau cov khoom siv computer uas tsis muaj virtual drives, xws li ultrabooks lossis netbooks, tab sis kuj ua haujlwm zoo nrog cov uas muaj DVD drives. Lub chaw tso hluav taws xob tuaj yeem txiav txim siab txog txoj kev mus rau ISO daim duab ntawm qhov faib thiab nyeem nws.

Yog hais tias thaum pib ntawm Windows USB / DVD Download Tool ib cov lus tshwm hais tias lub installation ntawm Microsoft .NET Moj khaum 2.0 yog tsim nyog, ces ua raws li txoj hauv kev: "Tswj Vaj Huam Sib Luag - Cov Haujlwm thiab Cov Nta - Pab Kom Xyuam Xaiv Qhov Teebmeem" thiab kos lub thawv hauv Microsoft lub. NET Framework 3.5 (suav 2.0 thiab 3.0).

Thiab kuj nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias flash drive uas tus cawm disk yuav tsum tsim yuav tsum muaj ib ntim ntawm tsawg kawg gigabytes yim. Tsis tas li ntawd, los tsim ib qho kev cawm disk rau qhov rais 10, koj yuav tsum muaj ib cov duab ISO twb tau tsim ua ntej.

Yuav kom tsim tau ib tug cawm disk siv lub qhov rais USB / DVD Download Tool utility, koj yuav tsum tau ua cov hauv qab no:

  1. Nruab ib lub teeb nyem rau hauv USB connector ntawm lub computer lossis lub laptop thiab khiav lub qhov rais USB / DVD Download Tool utility.
  2. Nias lub khawm Xaiv thiab xaiv cov ntaub ntawv ISO nrog lub khoos phib tawj 10. Ces nias lub khawm Tom ntej.

    Xaiv cov ntaub ntawv ISO nrog lub Windows 10 daim duab thiab nyem rau ntawm Tom ntej khawm.

  3. Hauv lub vaj huam sib luag tom ntej, nyem rau ntawm tus ntaus ntawv USB.

    Tshem lub iPad ntaus khawm kom xaiv lub suab paj nruag raws li cov ntaub ntawv kaw tseg.

  4. Tom qab xaiv qhov tshaj tawm, nias ntawm lub pob khawm Yog luam.

    Nias ntawm Kev luam

  5. Ua ntej koj pib tsim ib qho kev cawm disk, koj yuav tsum muab tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tawm los ntawm lub flash drive thiab format nws. Ua li no, nyem rau ntawm Lawm USB Device qhov tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub qhov rais tau ntsib nrog cov lus hais txog qhov tsis muaj chaw seem ntawm lub tshuab flash.

    Nias ntawm Lom Zem USB ntaus yuam kom rho tawm tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm lub flash drive.

  6. Nyem "Yes" kom paub tseeb tias formatting.

    Nyem "Yes" kom paub tseeb tias formatting.

  7. Tom qab formatting flash drive, Windows Installer 10 pib cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov duab ISO. Cia siab tias.
  8. Tom qab ua tiav cov creation ntawm tus cawm disk, kaw lub qhov rais USB / DVD Download Tool.

Yuav ua li cas kom lub cev siv cov khau raj

Txhim khu lub tshuab siv kev cawm disk, ua raws li cov kauj ruam:

  1. Ua ib qho kev tso tawm los ntawm tus cawm disk tom qab lub kaw lus rov qab los yog thaum pib lub zog.
  2. Teem lub BIOS los yog qhia kom meej lub pob hauv pluas feem hauv qhov pib tshuab raj. Qhov no tuaj yeem yog ib lub cuab yeej USB lossis ib lub tshuab tsav DVD.
  3. Tom qab cov txheej txheem tawm ntawm lub tshuab flash, lub qhov rai yuav tshwm sim, txhais cov kev ua haujlwm kom xa qhov rais 10 mus rau lub xeev cov kev noj qab haus huv. Xaiv thawj "Rov sau hauv khau raj".

    Xaiv "Startup Repair" los kho qhov system.

  4. Raws li txoj cai, tom qab lub sij hawm luv luv ntawm lub computer, nws yuav raug qhia tias nws tsis muaj peev xwm daws tau qhov teeb meem. Tom qab ntawd, rov qab mus rau cov kev xaiv siab thiab mus rau "System Restore".

    Nias lub "Advanced Options" khawm rov qab los rau lub npe ntawm daim iav thiab xaiv "System Restore"

  5. Nyob rau hauv lub qhov rais pib "System Restore" nias rau khawm "Tom ntej".

    Nias lub khawm "Tom ntej" los pib txheej txheem teeb.

  6. Xaiv ib qhov rov qab rov qab rau hauv lub qhov rais ntxiv.

    Xaiv lub qhov taw qhia yam rov qab thiab nias "Tom ntej"

  7. Tshawb xyuas qhov taw tes rov qab.

    Nyem qhov "Finish" khawm kom paub tseeb tias qhov rov qab taw tes.

  8. Tshawb xyuas txoj kev pib rov qab los dua.

    Nyob rau hauv lub qhov rais, nyem qhov "Yes" khawm kom paub tseeb tias qhov pib ntawm txoj kev rov qab los.

  9. Tom qab muab txoj haujlwm rov qab, pib lub computer. Tom qab nws, txoj kev tsim kho yuav tsum rov qab mus rau lub xeev txoj kev noj qab haus huv.
  10. Yog tias lub computer tsis rov qab, rov qab mus rau cov kev xaiv siab siab thiab mus rau "System Image Repair".
  11. Xaiv cov duab ntawm lub kaw lus thiab nyem rau ntawm "Next" khawm.

    Xaiv cov duab ntawm lub kaw lus thiab nyem rau ntawm "Next" khawm.

  12. Hauv qhov rais ntxiv, nias lub pob Tom ntej dua.

    Nias lub khawm Tom ntej ntxiv mus ntxiv.

  13. Tshawb xyuas qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov duab kos los ntawm nias lub pob "Tag".

    Nyem qhov "Finish" khawm kom paub meej txog qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov duab kos.

  14. Tshawb xyuas txoj kev pib rov qab los dua.

    Nias lub pob "Yes" khawm kom paub meej txog qhov pib ntawm txoj kev rov qab los ntawm cov duab kos.

Thaum kawg ntawm tus txheej txheem, lub system yuav raug txum tim rov qab mus rau lub xeev tau noj qab nyob zoo. Yog hais tias txhua txoj kev tau sim, tab sis lub system tsis tuaj yeem rov qab, ces tsuas yog ib qho rov qab mus rau lub xeev qub.

Nias ntawm qhov "System Restore" kab kom rov qab tau OS ntawm lub tshuab computer

Yees duab: kho qhov rais 10 siv ib qho kev cawm disk

Teeb meem ntsib thaum tsim tus cawm disk rov qab thiab siv nws, txoj kev daws teeb meem

Thaum tsim tus cawm disk, Qhov rai 10 tej zaum yuav muaj ntau hom teeb meem. Qhov feem ntau raug yog cov nram qab no raug teeb meem:

  1. Tus tsim DVD lossis flash tsav tsis tau khau lub kaw lus. Ib qho yuam kev lus tshwm thaum nruab nrab. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias ib daim disk duab ISO ntaub ntawv tau tsim muaj qhov yuam kev. Tov: koj yuav tsum sau ib daim duab tshiab ISO lossis ua ib daim ntawv teev tseg rau ib qho xov xwm tshiab kom tshem tawm tsis raug.
  2. DVD tsav los yog USB chaw nres nkoj yog faulty thiab tsis nyeem cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov xov xwm. Kua: sau ib daim duab ISO rau lwm lub computer lossis laptop, lossis sim siv qhov chaw nres nkoj zoo ib yam lossis tsav tsheb, yog tias lawv nyob hauv lub computer.
  3. Nquag ncua kev cuam tshuam ntawm Internet kev twb kev txuas. Piv txwv, Media Creation Tool qhov kev pab cuam, thaum downloading lub qhov rais 10 duab los ntawm lub Microsoft lub website, yuav tsum muaj kev sib txuas tas li. Thaum kev cuam tshuam tshwm sim, cov ntaub ntawv kaw cia nrog cov uas raug thiab tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav. Tov: xyuas qhov kev txuas thiab restore txuas mus rau lub network.
  4. Daim ntawv thov qhia tias kev sib txuas lus nrog cov DVD-tsav thiab muab lus hais txog qhov yuam kev teev cia. Tshuaj: yog tias cov ntaubntawv povthawj siv rau ntawm DVD-RW disc, mam li ua kom lwv thiab rov sau dua tshiab ntawm Windows 10 duab dua thaum sau tau ua rau lub flash drive - cia li sau dua tshiab.
  5. Loop tsav lossis USB txuas nrog sib txuas yog xoob. Tshuaj: disconnect lub computer ntawm lub network, disassemble nws thiab xyuas cov kev sib txuas ntawm loops, thiab ces nqa tawm cov txheej txheem ntawm cov ntaubntawv povthawj siv rau Windows 10 duab dua.
  6. Qib tsis tau sau ib lub duab Windows 10 rau cov xov xwm xaiv uas siv daim ntawv thov xaiv. Kua: sim siv lwm daim ntawv thov, vim muaj ib qho tseem ceeb uas koj ua haujlwm nrog kev ua haujlwm.
  7. Ib lub twj paj nrig lossis DVD-disk muaj qhov loj ntawm kev hnav los sis muaj cov khoom tsis zoo. Tshuaj: hloov lub tshuab ua si los yog DVD thiab rov qab muab cov duab ntxiv.

Txawm tias muaj kev ruaj ntseg thiab ruaj khov li cas qhov kev ua haujlwm hauv Windows 10, muaj ib qho tseem ceeb uas qhov kev ua yuam kev yuav tsis ua haujlwm uas yuav tsis cia lub OS siv rau yav tom ntej. Cov neeg siv yuav tsum muaj lub tswv yim meej meej, uas tsis muaj kev kub ntxhov ceev nrooj ntawm tes, lawv yuav muaj teeb meem ntau ntawm cov sij hawm tsis tsim nyog. Thaum lub sijhawm ntxov, koj yuav tsum tsim kom muaj, raws li nws tso cai rau koj los kho lub zog rau lub xeev ua haujlwm hauv lub sij hawm luv luv uas tsis muaj kev pab. Ua li no, koj tuaj yeem siv ib txoj hauv kev uas tau tham hauv tsab xov xwm. Qhov no tso cai rau koj kom paub tseeb tias thaum tsis ua hauj lwm hauv qhov rais 10, koj tuaj yeem coj qhov system mus rau qhov qub configuration.