DEBIAN TEEB TOM QAB KEV TEEB TSA

Debian yuav tsis khav txog ntawm nws qhov kev ua tau zoo tom qab kev teeb tsa. Qhov no yog qhov operating system uas koj yuav tsum xub configure, thiab qhov tsab xov xwm no yuav piav qhia txog qhov no.

Saib kuj: Nrov Linux distributions

Debian teeb

Vim muaj ntau txoj kev rau nruab Debian (network, yooj yim, los ntawm DVD tshaj tawm), tsis muaj ib phau ntawv qhia txog universal, yog li muaj qee cov kauj ruam ntawm cov lus qhia yuav siv rau cov qauv ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm.

Kauj Ruam 1: Hloov Xwm Tshiab

Thawj qhov uas yuav tau ua tom qab kev txhim kho qhov system yog los hloov nws. Tab sis qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov neeg siv tau ntsia Debian los ntawm DVD xov xwm. Yog tias koj siv lub network txoj kev, ces tag nrho cov tshiab tshiab yuav twb tau ntsia hauv OS.

Qhib "Terminal"los ntawm kev sau nws lub npe rau hauv qhov system cov ntawv qhia zaub mov thiab txhaj rau qhov kev cai cim.

Tau txais cov cai ntawm superuser los ntawm khiav cov lus txib:
su
thiab nkag mus rau lo lus zais uas tau teev tseg thaum lub sijhawm teeb.
Lus Cim: Thaum koj sau tus password, nws tsis tuaj.
Dhau ob commands tig ua:
apt-tau hloov tshiab apt-tau txawj tej yam ntxiv
Rov qab qhib lub computer kom tiav qhov kev hloov tshiab. Rau qhov no koj tuaj yeem nyob hauv "Terminal" Khiav cov lus txib nram qab no:
reboot

Tom qab lub computer rov pib, lub cev yuav raug muab kho, yog li koj tuaj yeem mus rau theem tom ntej ntawm kev teeb tsa.

Saib kuj: Kho Debian 8 txog version 9

Kauj Ruam 2: Nres SUDO

sudo - Lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob tsim nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev muab cov tib neeg siv cov cai tswj xyuas. Raws li koj tau pom, thaum muab kho dua tshiab, nws tsim nyog nkag mus rau qhov profile pausuas yuav tsum tau siv sij hawm ntxiv. Yog siv sudo, qhov kev txiav txim no yuav raug rhuav tshem.

Txhawm rau nruab tau lub chaw tso dej hauv lub cev sudo, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog, nyob hauv ib qhov profile paus, ua raws li cov lus txib:

apt-mus nruab sudo

Chaw Tso Dej sudo ntsia, tab sis yuav siv nws koj xav tau txoj cai. Nws yooj yim ua li no los ntawm kev ua cov hauv qab no:

adduser UserName sudo

Nyob qhov twg xwb "UserName" Koj yuav tsum tau sau lub npe ntawm tus neeg siv uas tau txais txoj cai.

Thaum kawg, pib dua lub zog rau cov kev hloov rau kev siv.

Saib kuj: Nquag Siv Commands hauv Linux Terminal

Kauj Ruam 3: Configuring Repositories

Tom qab nruab nrab Debian, lub chaw cia khoom yog teeb tsa kom tau txais qhov qhib qhov software, tab sis qhov no tsis txaus rau nruab ib qhov tseeb version ntawm qhov kev pab cuam thiab tus neeg tsav tsheb mus rau hauv qhov system.

Muaj ob txoj kev los kho qhov chaw cia khoom siv rau cov software tshwj xeeb: siv qhov kev zov me nyuam nrog ib lub graphical interface thiab ua raws li cov lus txib hauv "Terminal".

Software & Tshiab

Txheeb kom siv cov txheej txheem siv GUI, ua cov hauv qab no:

Khiav mus Software & Tshiab los ntawm daim ntawv qhia zaub mov.

Tab "Debian Software" muab zuam tom ntej rau cov khoom uas tus cim qhia "lub ntsiab", "contrib" thiab "tsis pub dawb".

From dropdown list "Download tau los ntawm" xaiv tus neeg rau zaub mov uas ze tshaj.

Nias lub pob "Kaw".

Tom qab ntawd, qhov kev zov me nyuam yuav muab rau koj kom paub txhua yam ntaub ntawv hais txog kev txav khoom - nias lub pob "Hloov tshiab", ces tos kom txog thaum kawg ntawm tus txheej txheem thiab npaj mus rau theem tom ntej.

Terminal

Yog tias qee yam koj tsis tuaj yeem tsim kho siv qhov kev pab cuam Software & Tshiab, tib cov hauj lwm yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv "Terminal". Ntawm no yog yuav ua li cas:

Qhib cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj cov npe ntawm txhua qhov chaw cia khoom. Rau qhov no, tsab xov xwm yuav siv cov ntawv nyeem. Gedit, koj tuaj yeem nkag mus rau lwm qhov chaw uas tsim nyog.
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
Nyob rau hauv qhib editor ntxiv zog rau txhua kab. "lub ntsiab", "contrib" thiab "tsis pub dawb".
Nias lub pob "Txuag".
Kaw cov editor.

Saib kuj: Cov phau ntawv kho kom nrov dua rau Linux

Yog li ntawd, koj cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum zoo li qhov no:

Tam sim no, rau cov kev hloov rau kev txuam, hloov cov ntawv sau nrog cov lus txib:

sudo apt-tau hloov tshiab

Kauj Ruam 4: Ntxiv Cov Ntawv Qhia Ntxiv

Txuas ntxiv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov chaw cia khoom, nws raug pom zoo kom ntxiv rau Daim Ntawv Qhia Cov Backports. Nws muaj qhov tseeb software versions. Cov pob no yog qhov kev sim, tab sis tag nrho cov software uas nyob hauv nws ruaj khov. Nws tsis poob rau hauv qhov chaw tswj hwm rau qhov uas yog vim li cas nws tau tsim tom qab tso tawm. Yog li, yog tias koj xav hloov tus tsav tsheb, ntsiav thiab lwm cov software mus rau qhov tseeb version, koj yuav tsum tau xa cov Backports repository.

Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog Software & Tshiabli thiab "Terminal". Xav txog ob txoj kev hauv ntau dua.

Software & Tshiab

Ntxiv ib qho kev siv nyiaj thim rov qab Software & Tshiab koj xav tau:

Khiav qhov kev zov me nyuam.
Mus rau tab "Lwm qhov Software".
Laub khawm "Ntxiv ...".

Nyob rau hauv kab apt sau:
deb //mirror.yandex.ru/debian stretch-backports main contrib tsis pub dawb(rau Debian 9)
los yog
deb //mirror.yandex.ru/debian jessie-backports main contrib tsis pub dawb(rau Debian 8)
Laub khawm "Ntxiv qhov chaw".

Tom qab cov kauj ruam saum toj no, kaw qhov program qhov rais, muab kev tso cai los mus kho cov ntaub ntawv.

Terminal

Nyob rau hauv "Terminal" los ntxiv ib qho chaw thim rov qab, koj yuav tsum nkag rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov ntaub ntawv "sources.list". Rau qhov no:

Qhib cov ntaub ntawv koj xav tau:
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
Hauv nws, tso tus cursor tom kawg ntawm txoj kab kawg thiab nias ob zaug ntawm tus yuam sij Sau, ntxeev, ces ntaus cov kab hauv qab no:
deb //mirror.yandex.ru/debian stretch-backports main contrib tsis pub dawb deb-src //mirror.yandex.ru/debian stretch-backports main contrib tsis pub dawb(rau Debian 9)
los yog
deb //mirror.yandex.ru/debian jessie-backports main contrib tsis pub dawb deb-src //mirror.yandex.ru/debian jessie-backports main contrib tsis pub dawb(rau Debian 8)
Nias lub pob "Txuag".
Kaw phau ntawv sau.

Yuav ua ntawv thov tag nrho cov tsis nkag, hloov daim ntawv teev cov pob khoom:

sudo apt-tau hloov tshiab

Tam sim no, nruab software los ntawm no repository rau lub system, siv cov lus txib nram qab no:

sudo apt-tau nruab -t ncab-backports [pob npe](rau Debian 9)

los yog

sudo apt-mus nruab-jessie-backports [pob npe](rau Debian 8)

Nyob qhov twg xwb "[pob npe]" sau lub npe ntawm lub pob koj xav nruab.

Kauj ruam 5: Nruab Nruab Nrab

Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm lub system yog cov ntawv. Hauv Debian, tsawg tsawg ntawm lawv yog pre-installed, yog li cov neeg siv feem ntau ua hauj lwm hauv cov ntawv kho mob los yog cov duab nyob hauv GIMP qhov kev pab cuam yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav cov npe uas muaj cov ntawv uas twb muaj lawm. Ntawm lwm cov khoom, cov txuj ci qos yaj ywm yuav tsis ua haujlwm yog tias tsis muaj lawv.

Txhawm rau nruab ntais ntawv siv nyob rau Windows, koj yuav tsum khiav cov lus qhia nram qab no:

sudo apt-mus nruab ttf-freefont ttf-mscorefonts-installer

Koj tseem tuaj yeem ntxiv fonts ntawm cov cim teeb:

sudo apt-mus nruab fonts-noto

Koj tuaj yeem nruab ntais tau lwm cov ntawv los ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav hauv Internet thiab tsiv mus rau ib phau ntawv. "ua ntej"uas yog nyob ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub system. Yog tias koj tsis muaj daim ntawv no, tsim koj tus kheej.

Kauj Ruam 6: Teem tau font smoothing

Los ntawm kev txhim kho Debian, tus neeg siv yuav soj ntsuam tsis zoo los tiv thaiv kev kaw suab. Qhov teeb meem no yog daws yooj yim heev - koj yuav tsum tsim kom muaj cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb. Ntawm no yog qhov nws ua tiav li cas:

Nyob rau hauv "Terminal" mus rau lub npe "/ etc / fonts /". Ua li no, cia li khiav:
cd / etc / fonts /

Sau cov ntaub ntawv tshiab "local.conf":
sudo gedit local.conf
Nyob rau hauv cov editor uas tau qhib, nkag mus rau hauv cov ntawv hauv qab no:
rgb muaj tseeb hintslight lcddefault cuav ~ / .tsis
Nias lub pob "Txuag" thiab kaw cov editor.

Tom qab ntawd, tag nrho cov pob zeb ntawv yuav muaj kev ywj pheej ywj pheej.

Kauj Ruam 7: Hais Lus Nruab Nrab Lus Nruab Nrab

Qhov chaw no tsis tsim nyog rau tag nrho cov neeg siv, tab sis tsuas yog rau cov neeg uas hnov lub suab lus ntawm lawv lub cev. Qhov tseeb yog tias hauv qee cov sibtham no qhov ntsuas tsis yog neeg xiam oob khab. Txhawm rau kho qhov no, koj yuav tsum:

Qhib cov ntaub ntawv qhib "fbdev-blacklist.conf":
sudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/fbdev-blacklist.conf
Thaum kawg, sau kab hauv qab no:
blacklist pcspkr
Txuag cov kev hloov thiab kaw cov editor.

Peb nyuam qhuav ntxiv ib qho module "pcspkr"uas yog lub luag hauj lwm rau lub suab ntawm kev tsim muaj zog, mus rau blacklist, feem, qhov teeb meem yog tshem tawm.

Kauj ruam 8: Nruab Codecs

Tsuas yog tus ntsia nruab nrab Debian xwb tsis muaj multimedia codecs, qhov no yog vim lawv cov khoom tsim nyog. Vim li no, tus neeg siv yuav tsis muaj peev xwm los sib txuas nrog ntau hom audio thiab video. Yuav kom kho qhov teeb meem, koj yuav tsum nruab lawv. Rau qhov no:

Khiav cov lus txib:
sudo apt-mus nruab libavcodec-extra57 ffmpeg
Thaum txoj kev teeb tsa, koj yuav tsum paub meej tias qhov kev txiav txim los ntawm ntaus ntawv lub cim ntawm cov keyboard "D" thiab txhaj Sau.

Tam sim no koj xav tau nruab ntxiv codecs, tab sis lawv nyob hauv ib qho chaw sib txawv, yog li koj yuav tsum xub ntxiv nws mus rau lub cev. Yuav ua li no, ua rau peb cov lus txib:
su ncha "# Debian Multimedia deb ftp://ftp.deb-multimedia.org ncab tseem ceeb tsis pub dawb>> '/etc/apt/sources.list.d/deb-multimedia.list'(rau Debian 9)
los yog
su ncha "# Debian Multimedia deb ftp http://ftp.deb-multimedia.org jessie lub ntsiab lus tsis pub dawb "> '/etc/apt/sources.list.d/deb-multimedia.list'(rau Debian 8)

Hloov chaw hloov chaw tshiab:
apt hloov tshiab
Hauv cov qhov tso tawm, koj tuaj yeem pom tias qhov yuam kev tau tshwm sim - qhov system tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm GPG.
Txhim kho qhov no, khiav qhov kev hais kom ua:
apt-key adv --recv key --keyserver pgpkeys.mit.edu 5C808C2B65558117
Lus Cim: Qhov chaw ua hauj lwm "dirmngr" muaj nyob hauv qee tus Debian ua, vim li no qhov kev txiav txim tsis ua tiav. Nws yuav tsum tau ntsia los ntawm khiav cov lus txib "sudo apt-get install dirmngr".
Tshawb xyuas seb qhov yuam kev puas tau kho:
apt hloov tshiab
Peb pom tias tsis muaj qhov yuam kev, ces qhov chaw cia khoom tau ntxiv zoo.
Nruab qhov tsim nyog codecs los ntawm kev khiav cov lus txib:
apt nruab libfaad2 libmp4v2-2 libfaac0 alsamixergui twolame libmp3lame0 libdvdnav4 libdvdread4 libdvdcss2 w64codecs(rau 64-ntsis system)
los yog
apt nruab libfaad2 libmp4v2-2 libfaac0 alsamixergui twolame libmp3lame0 libdvdnav4 libdvdread4 libdvdcss2(rau 32-ntsis system)

Tom qab ua tiav tag nrho cov ntsiab lus koj nruab tag nrho cov tsim nyog codecs hauv koj lub cev. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog qhov kawg ntawm lub Debian configuration.

Kauj Ruam 9: Nruab Nruab Cov Neeg Uas Xav Tau

Cov neeg paub txog Linux paub tias Flash Developers tsim tsis tau kho lawv cov khoom rau hauv lub tshuab no ntev heev. Yog li ntawd, thiab vim hais tias daim ntawv thov no yog khoom siv, nws tsis yog nyob rau ntau qhov kev faib tawm. Tab sis muaj ib txoj kev yooj yim rau nruab nws hauv Debian.

Mus nruab Adobe Flash Player koj yuav tsum khiav:

sudo apt-mus nruab flashplugin-nonfree

Tom qab ntawd nws yuav tsum tau ntsia. Tab sis yog tias koj yuav siv lub Chromium browser, ces khiav ib qho ntxiv hais kom ua:

sudo apt-mus nruab pepperflashplugin-nonfree

Rau Mozilla Firefox, qhov kev txiav txim yog txawv:

sudo apt-mus nruab flashplayer-mozilla

Tam sim no tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov chaw uas tsim los uas siv Flash, yuav muaj rau koj.

Kauj ruam 10: nruab Java

Yog hais tias koj xav kom koj lub cev ua kom pom cov ntsiab lus hauv Java programming lus, koj yuav tsum nruab ib pob ntawv koj tus kheej hauv OS. Ua li no, ua ib qho kev qhia xwb:

sudo apt-mus nruab default-jre

Tom qab tua, koj yuav tau txais ib version ntawm Java Runtime Environment. Tab sis hmoov tsis, nws yog tsis haum rau tsim cov kev pab cuam Java. Yog hais tias koj xav tau qhov kev xaiv no, ces nruab ib qhov Java Development Kit:

sudo apt-mus nruab default-jdk

Kauj Ruam 11: Txhim Kho Cov Ntawv Thov

Nws tsis yog yuav tsum tau siv cov qauv hauv kev ua haujlwm xwb. "Terminal"thaum nws tseem tau siv software nrog lub graphical interface. Peb coj los rau koj mloog ib co ntawm software pom zoo rau installation nyob rau hauv lub system.

evince - ua haujlwm nrog cov ntaub ntawv PDF;
vlc - nrov video player;
cov ntaub ntawv-cov menyuam - tus saib xyuas;
tshuaj dawb - ntxuav lub cev;
gimp - graphic editor (analogue ntawm Photoshop);
clementine - neeg uas ua suab paj nruag;
mob siab - tshuab xam zauv;
shotwell - ib qho kev pab cuam rau saib cov duab;
gparted - Disk Partition Editor;
diodon - tus neeg saib xyuas kev lag luam;
libreoffice-sau ntawv - lo lus processor;
libreoffice-calc - tabular processor.

Qee cov kev pabcuam los ntawm daim ntawv teev npe no twb raug muab tso rau hauv koj lub operating system, tag nrho nws nyob ntawm qhov tsim.

Txhawm rau nruab ib daim ntawv thov los ntawm daim ntawv teev npe, siv cov lus txib:

sudo apt-mus nruab ProgramName

Nyob qhov twg xwb "ProgramName" Hloov lub npe ntawm qhov kev zov me nyuam.

Txhawm rau nruab tag nrho cov ntawv thov ib zaug, tsuas sau lawv cov npe sib cais los ntawm qhov chaw:

sudo apt-tau nruab cov ntaub ntawv-yob tsev neeg dalon pabcov clementine vlc gimp tuawell gparted libreoffice-sau ntawv libreoffice-calc

Tom qab executing qhov hais kom ua, ib ntev ntev ces yuav pib, tom qab uas tag nrho cov teev daim software yuav tsum ntsia.

Kauj Ruam 12: Txhawb kev tsav tsheb hauv daim video

Txhim kho tus neeg tsav tsheb hauv lub Debian hauv kev Debian yog ib txoj kev uas nws ua tiav ntawm ntau yam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias koj muaj AMD. Zoo hmoo, es tsis paub meej ntawm tag nrho cov subtleties thiab kev tua ntawm ntau lus txib hauv "Terminal", koj tuaj yeem siv ib tsab ntawv tshwj xeeb uas siv downloads thiab nruab txhua yam ntawm nws tus kheej. Hais txog nws tam sim no thiab yuav tham.

Tseem ceeb: Thaum nruab kev tsav tsheb, tsab ntawv kaw tag nrho cov thawj tswj qhov rai, thiaj li khaws tag nrho cov khoom tsim nyog ua ntej ua raws li cov lus qhia.

Qhib "Terminal" thiab mus rau qhov directory "rau hauv"Dab tsi nyob rau ntawm hauv paus hauv paus:
cd / usr / zos / hauv
Download tau tsab ntawv los ntawm lub xeem qhov chaw sgfxi:
sudo wget -Nc smxi.org/sgfxi
Muab nws cov cai ua:
sudo chmod + x sgfxi
Tam sim no koj yuav tsum mus rau lub console virtual. Ua li no, nias ntawm qhov ua ke tseem ceeb Ctrl + Alt + F3.
Sau koj tus username thiab password.

Tau txais kev cai superuser:
su
Khiav tawm tsab ntawv los ntawm kev ua raws li cov lus txib:
sgfxi
Nyob rau theem no, tsab ntawv yuav luam koj cov cuab yeej kho mob thiab muab rau nruab ib tus neeg tsav tsheb tshaj plaws rau nws. Koj tuaj yeem tsis kam thiab xaiv lub version koj tus kheej uas siv cov lus txib:
sgfxi -o [tsav tsheb version]
Lus cim: koj tuaj yeem paub txhua yam versions rau installation uas yog siv qhov "sgfxi -h".

Tom qab tag nrho cov kauj ruam, tsab ntawv no yuav pib download thiab txhim kho tus neeg tsav tsheb xaiv. Koj tsuas tau tos qhov kawg ntawm txoj haujlwm.

Yog tias qee yam koj txiav txim siab tshem tus tsav tsheb tau tsav, koj tuaj yeem ua qhov no nrog rau cov lus txib:

sgfxi -n

Tej teeb meem tshwm sim

Zoo li txhua lwm tsab ntawv software sgfxi muaj flaws. Qee qhov yuam kev yuav tshwm sim thaum nws ua tiav. Tam sim no peb soj ntsuam cov neeg nyiam tshaj plaws ntawm lawv thiab muab cov lus qhia ua kom tshem tawm tau nws.

Yuav tsis tshem Nouveau module. Kev daws qhov teeb meem yog yooj yim heev - koj yuav tsum pib dua lub computer thiab pib sau dua tshiab.
Virtual consoles yuav hloov tau.. Yog hais tias thaum lub caij txheej txheem installation koj pom ib tus tshiab virtual console ntawm qhov screen, ces mus resume tus txheej txheem, tsuas rov qab mus rau ib tug dhau los ntawm nias Ctrl + Alt + F3.
Lub creak ntawm heev pib ntawm kev ua hauj lwm muab ib qho yuam kev. Feem ntau, qhov no yog vim lub pob khoom poob. "tsim-tseem ceeb". Lub installation ntawv nws cia li txais, tab sis nws muaj qhov yuam kev. Yuav kom daws tau qhov teeb meem, nruab pob rau koj tus kheej los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv cov lus txib:
apt-mus nruab build-qhov tseem ceeb

Cov no yog cov teeb meem feem ntau nrog cov haujlwm ntawm tsab ntawv, yog tias ntawm lawv koj tsis pom koj tus kheej, koj tuaj yeem paub koj tus kheej nrog rau tag nrho version ntawm phau ntawv uas yog nyob rau hauv lub website ntawm tus tsim tawm.

Kauj Ruam 13: Configure NumLock Auto Power On

Tag nrho cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm lub system twb tau teeb tsa, tab sis thaum kawg nws yog ib qho tsim nyog qhia txog kev teeb tsa kev ua haujlwm ntawm Lub Chaw Pab Pawg NumLock. Qhov tseeb yog tias Debian faib, yog vim qhov no qhov ntsuas tsis raug teeb tsa, thiab lub vaj huam sib luag yuav tsum muab rau txhua lub sijhawm thaum pib lub system.

Yog li, kom qhov chaw, koj yuav tsum tau:

Download tau pob "numlockx". Ua li no, nkag mus rau hauv "Terminal" qhov no hais kom ua:
sudo apt-mus nruab numlockx
Qhib cov ntaub ntawv qhib "Lub sijhawm". Cov ntaub ntawv no yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev txiav txim siab tsis pub siv thaum lub koos pib.
sudo gedit / etc / gdm3 / Init / Default
Muab cov lus hauv qab no tso ua ke ntawm kab ua ntej qhov ntsuas "tawm 0":
yog tias [-x / usr / bin / numlockx]; ces / usr / rau hauv / numlockx rau nkaus

Txuag cov kev hloov thiab kaw cov ntawv nyeem.

Tam sim no thaum koj pib lub koos pij tawj, cov vaj huam sib luag digital yuav qhib cia.

Xaus

Tom qab ua tiav tag nrho cov kauj ruam nyob hauv phau Debian configuration phau ntawv, koj yuav tau txais ib pob khoom faib tawm uas tsis zoo rau kev daws teeb meem txhua tus neeg siv, tab sis kuj ua haujlwm ntawm lub computer. Nws yuav tsum tau qhia meej tias cov nqis saum toj no yog qhov yooj yim, thiab xyuas kom cov haujlwm zoo ntawm qhov feem ntau ntawm cov qauv siv.