Ib qho ntxiv (discrete) video adapter yuav tsum tau muaj thaum tus processor tsis muaj ib qho integrated graphics nti thiab / lossis lub computer yuav tsum ua haujlwm ua si hauv cov khoom hnyav, graphics editor thiab video editing software.
Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias daim video card yuav tsum yog tshaj li qhov tau nrog daim card graphics thiab processor. Tsis tas li ntawd, yog tias koj npaj yuav siv lub computer rau kev ua haujlwm hnyav, tom qab ntawd nco ntsoov tias koj tuaj yeem nruab ib qhov system txias ntxiv rau daim video card ntawm lub niam ntawv.
Txog manufacturers
Tsuas yog ib ob peb lub lag luam loj yog koom rau hauv kev tso tawm cov ntawv teev lus graphics rau cov neeg siv khoom noj. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov khoom siv graphics yog tsim los ntawm NVIDIA, AMD lossis Intel technologies. Tag nrho peb lub lag luam yog koom nrog kev tsim khoom thiab kev loj hlob ntawm daim video, peb xav txog lawv cov kev sib txawv tseem ceeb.
- Nvidia - lub tuam txhab nto moo tshaj plaws uas tau koom nrog rau kev tso tawm cov duab adapters rau kev siv ntau. Nws cov khoom yog pib teem rau gamers thiab cov neeg ua hauj lwm nrog kev yees duab thiab / lossis graphics. Dua li ntawm tus nqi siab ntawm cov khoom, ntau cov neeg siv (txawm tsis yog cov xav tau) xav tau qhov kev lag luam no. Nws cov adapters muaj kev ntseeg siab, kev kawm siab thiab kev sib haum xeeb;
- AMD - Lub ntsiab competitor ntawm NVIDIA, yog tsim video phaib ntawm nws tus kheej technology. Nyob rau hauv nrog AMD processor, qhov twg yog ib qho kev sib tw graphics, "red" cov khoom muab kev ua tiav siab tshaj plaws. AMD adapters yog heev ceev, lawv accelerate zoo, tab sis lawv muaj qee cov teeb meem nrog overheating thiab compatibility nrog competitor xiav processors, tab sis tib lub sij hawm lawv tsis kim heev;
- Intel - ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws manufactures processors nrog ib graphics adapter integrated raws li nws tus kheej technology, tab sis kuj yog cov zauv ntawm ib tug neeg graphics adapters. Intel video cards tsis txawv los ntawm kev ua tau zoo, tab sis lawv coj nws nrog lawv cov zoo thiab kev cia siab, yog li ntawd lawv yog haum haum rau lub niaj zaus "chaw ua hauj lwm tshuab". Tus nqi rau lawv yog qhov siab;
- MSI - tsim video cards raws li patent los ntawm NVIDIA. Ua ntej tshaj, muaj ib qho kev taw qhia txog cov tswv ntawm cov cav tov thiab cov khoom siv. Cov khoom ntawm no lub tuam txhab yog kim, tab sis tib lub sij hawm tsim, zoo thiab suab tsis ua teeb meem rau compatibility;
- Gigabyte - Lwm cov chaw tsim khoom ntawm lub tshuab computer, uas maj mam siv cov chav kawm ntawm gaming tshuab ntu. Nws mas ua cov NVIDIA video phaib, tab sis nws tau sim ua cov AMD qauv ntawv. Kev ua hauj lwm ntawm cov adapters ntawm lub khw no tsis ua rau muaj kev tsis txaus siab loj, ntxiv rau lawv muaj nqi me ntsis ntxiv dua MSI thiab NVIDIA;
- ASUS - lub npe nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lub tshuab computer hauv khw ntawm cov computers thiab cov khoom rau lawv. Tsis ntev los no, kuv pib tsim video cards raws li NVIDIA thiab AMD cov qauv. Feem ntau, lub tuam txhab tsim cov ntawv teev lus (graphics cards) rau cov gaming thiab cov computers, tiam sis kuj muaj cov qauv siv lag luam rau cov chaw zov me nyuam hauv tsev.
Nws kuj yog tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias cov ntawv teev lus hauv xov tooj tau muab faib ua ob peb yam tseem ceeb:
- Nvidia geforce. Cov kab no siv los ntawm tag nrho cov tuam ntxhab uas tsim cov khoom noj raws li tus txheej txheem NVIDIA;
- AMD Radeon. Siv los ntawm AMD nws tus kheej thiab cov chaw lag luam uas tsim cov khoom raws li AMD cov qauv;
- Intel HD Graphics. Nws yog siv los ntawm Intel nkaus xwb.
Video daim connectors
Tag nrho cov niam txiv niaj hnub no muaj qhov tshwj xeeb PCI-hom connector, uas koj tuaj yeem xa daim card ntxiv thiab lwm yam khoom. Thaum lub sijhawm nws muab faib ua ob lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: PCI thiab PCI-Express.
Cov kev xaiv thawj yog sai dhau lawm tsis muaj thiab tsis muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws bandwidth, thiaj li muas tus haib graphics adapter raws li nws tsis paub, vim hais tias lub tom kawg yuav ua hauj lwm tsuas yog ib nrab ntawm nws lub peev xwm. Tab sis nws tau txais zoo zoo nrog daim phiaj siv nyiaj txiag cov ntawv "office machines" thiab multimedia centers. Tsis tas li ntawd, nco ntsoov saib yog daim video card txhawb hom txuas ntawm no. Qee cov qauv siv niaj hnub no (txawm tias qhov nyiaj hauv pob nyiaj siv) yuav tsis txhawb qhov teeb meem no.
Qhov kev xaiv thib ob feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov niam txiv niaj hnub thiab kev txhawb los ntawm yuav luag txhua daim video, nrog rau cov qauv qub qub. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los yuav ib lub peev xim graphics (los sis ob peb adapters), txij li thaum nws lub npav muab kev tshaj plaws dhau los thiab zoo sib xws nrog tus processor, RAM thiab ua hauj lwm nrog ntau daim card video ua ke. Txawm li cas los xij, motherboards rau qhov txuas no yuav kim heev.
PCI qhov tau muab faib ua ob peb yam - 2.0, 2.1 thiab 3.0. Qhov ntau dua qhov version, qhov zoo dua rau qhov kev tsheb npav ntawm bandwidth thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm daim video nrog nrog lwm yam ntawm lub PC. Txawm tsis muaj tus qauv ntawm qhov txuas hauv nws yam tsis muaj teeb meem, koj tuaj yeem nruab ib lub tshuab hluav taws xob yog nws fits mus rau qhov chaw txuas.
Kuj tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv niam txiv koj muaj peev xwm nrhiav tsis tau tus qauv rau hnub no PCI-connectors, lub zes ntawm hom AGP. Qhov no yog ib qho tsis muaj teeb meem txuas thiab tsis muaj cheebtsam uas luag yuav tsum tau tshaj tawm rau nws, yog li yog tias koj muaj lub niam laus laus heev, ces daim tshiab video card rau yus lub qhov muag yuav nyuaj heev.
Txog video chips
Ib tug video nti yog ib tug mini-processor uas yog kev mus rau hauv tus tsim ntawm ib daim video. Lub hwjchim ci ntsa iab thiab, qhov tseem ceeb, nws qhov sib xyaw nrog lwm cov khoom ntawm lub computer (feem ntau nrog cov CPU thiab motherboard chipset) nyob ntawm nws. Piv txwv, AMD thiab Intel video phaib muaj video chips uas muab kev zoo sib xws nkaus xwb nrog tus processor ntawm lub khw, txwv tsis pub koj tiag poob hauv kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm.
Kev ua yeeb yam ntawm video chips, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub hauv paus processor, yog ntsuas tsis yog hauv cov cores thiab zaus, tab sis nyob rau hauv shader (computational) blocks. Qhov tseeb, qhov no yog yam zoo ib yam li cov mini-cores ntawm lub hauv paus processor, tsuas yog hauv cov ntawv teev lus thaij cov xov tooj ntawm cov neeg muaj peev xwm ncav cuag ntau txhiab. Piv txwv, cov ntawv qhia nyiaj txiag muaj txog 400-600 blocks, qhov nruab nrab ntawm 600-1000, siab ntawm 1000-2800.
Them faj seeb rau cov txheej txheem tsim ntawm nti. Nws yog qhia hauv nanometers (nm) thiab yuav tsum sib txawv ntawm 14 mus txog 65 nm hauv cov ntawv xov xwm niaj hnub. Lub zog ntawm daim card thiab nws cov khoom siv thermal txhawb nyob ntawm seb qhov nqi no tsawg tsawg. Nws pom zoo kom yuav cov qauv nrog tus nqi qis tshaj, txij li thaum lawv yog cov ntau compact, kom tsawg zog thiab tseem ceeb tshaj - overheat tsawg.
Cov nyhuv ntawm video nco txog kev ua tau zoo
Yees duab nco muaj tej yam zoo li kev ua haujlwm, tab sis lub ntsiab sib txawv yog qhov nws ua haujlwm me ntsis raws li lwm cov qauv thiab muaj kev khiav haujlwm ntau dua. Dua li ntawm qhov no, nws tseem ceeb heev uas lub cim xeeb ntawm kev yees duab zoo tshaj li tau nrog RAM, processor thiab motherboard, txij li thaum Lub motherboard txhawb ib qho video nco loj, zaus, thiab hom.
Lub khw tam sim no nta video phaib nrog lub zaus ntawm GDDR3, GDDR5, GDDR5X thiab HBM. Cov tom kawg yog AMD txuj, uas tsuas yog siv los ntawm cov khw no, yog li cov cuab yeej ua raws li AMD txuj cai yuav muaj teeb meem loj ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom ntawm lwm cov tuam txhab ua lag luam (video card, processors). Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev ua tau zoo, HBM yog qhov chaw ntawm GDDR5 thiab GDDR5X.
GDDR3 yog siv cov video qiv uas tsis tshua muaj siab, vim yog Ua cov hwj huam loj yuav tsum ua cov dej loj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nco. Hom kev nco no muaj tsawg zaus rau kev ua lag luam - nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm 1600 MHz txog 2000 MHz. Nws tsis pom zoo los muas ib graphics adapter uas nws lub cim xeeb tsawg dua 1600 MHz, txij li thaum nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no txawm qaug zog ua si yuav ua hauj lwm ua luaj.
Cov hom nrov tshaj plaws yog GDDR5, uas yog siv rau hauv nruab nrab nqe qeb thiab txawm tias qee qhov kev siv nyiaj txiag. Moos zaus ntawm hom kev nco no yog li ntawm 2000-3600 MHz. Cov khoom siv kim heev siv ib qho kev ua kom zoo dua qub - GDDR5X, uas muab cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm ceev tshaj plaws, nrog rau kev muaj zog txog li 5000 MHz.
Ntxiv nrog rau hom nco, them sai sai rau nws cov nyiaj. Nyob rau hauv daim boards pob nyiaj siv yog hais txog 1 GB ntawm video nco, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab nqi qeb nws yog heev tau mus nrhiav cov qauv nrog 2 GB ntawm nco. Nyob rau hauv ntau kim cim duab phaib nrog 6 GB ntawm nco yuav pom. Kuj zoo, rau qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua si niaj hnub, graphics adapters nrog 2 GB ntawm video nco yog txaus. Tab sis yog tias koj xav tau ib lub computer gaming uas tuaj yeem rub cov khoom ua si thiab hauv 2-3 xyoos, mam li yuav daim card video nrog lub cim xeeb tshaj plaws. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis txhob hnov qab tias nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los muab kev nyiam rau hom kev nco GDDR5 thiab nws cov kev hloov, qhov no koj yuav tsum tsis txhob caum tom qab loj tagnrho. Nws yog qhov zoo dua yuav daim card nrog 2 GB GDDR5 dua li 4 GB GDDR3.
Kuj saib xyuas cov dav hlau kom dav. Nws yuav tsum tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsawg tshaj 128 cov khoom, txwv tsis pub, koj yuav muaj kev ua tsis zoo hauv txhua qhov kev pab cuam. Lub dav hlau siab dav yog txawv ntawm 128-384 khoom.
Energy Efficiency Graphics Adapters
Qee lub motherboards thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis muaj peev xwm txhawb nqa lub hwj chim xav tau thiab / lossis tsis muaj tshwj xeeb sib txuas rau lub hwjchim ntawm daim video card uas xav tau, yog li ua qhov no nco ntsoov. Yog hais tias lub graphics adapter tsis haum vim yog lub zog loj noj, ces koj tuaj yeem nruab nws (yog tias muaj lwm yam kev mob), tab sis koj yuav tsis tau txais kev kawm siab.
Lub hwj huam ntawm cov khoom siv yees duab ntawm cov chav kawm sib txawv yog raws li nram no:
- Hoob kawm thawj - tsis pub ntau tshaj 70 watts. Ib daim npav ntawm hoob kawm no yuav ua haujlwm yam tsis muaj teebmeem nrog lub niam tswv yim tshiab thiab lub hwj chim;
- Qhov nruab nrab chav kawm - nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 70-150 watts. Tsis yog txhua yam tsim nyog rau qhov no;
- High-performance cards - nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm 150 mus rau 300 watts. Hauv qhov no, koj yuav tsum tau txais tshwjxeeb tshwjxeeb thiab niam ntawv, uas raug yoog rau cov kev txwv ntawm kev ua si.
Video txias txias
Yog hais tias lub graphics adapter pib hla, ces nws, xws li tus processor, yuav tsis tsuas yog tsis, tab sis kuj ua puas lub meej mom ntawm lub motherboard, uas yuav tom qab ua rau loj heev kev puas tsuaj. Vim li no, cov ntawv teev lus xaiv kab mob tau txais qhov system txias, uas tau muab faib ua ob peb hom:
- Passive - qhov no, tsis muaj dab tsi txuas nrog daim ntawv rau qhov txias, los yog tsuas yog ib lub tshuab hluav taws xob koom rau hauv tus txheej txheem, uas tsis yog ntau npaum li cas. Xws li tus adapter raws li txoj cai tsis muaj kev ua tau zoo, yog li ntawd nws xav tau cua txias dua yam tsis muaj nws;
- Active - muaj ib qhov dej txias tag nrho - nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob, kiv cua thiab qee zaum nrog cov kav dej kub. Yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv txhua hom ntawv teev lus video. Ib qho ntawm cov dej txias kom zoo tshaj plaws;
- Turbine - nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev uas zoo sib xws rau lub nquag version. Ib qho teeb meem loj heev yog ntsia ntawm daim npav, qhov muaj qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm lub cav uas rub tawm hauv cov huab cua thaum nws muaj zog thiab nws tawm hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab lub raj tshwj xeeb. Vim nws qhov loj me nws tsuas yog ntsia tau rau cov ntawv loj thiab muaj hwj chim.
Them rau yam khoom siv lub kiv cua thiab cov phab ntsa cua sov yog tsim los ntawm. Yog hais tias hnyav loads muab tso rau ntawm daim card, nws yog qhov zoo dua rau tso tseg qauv nrog yas radiators thiab xav tias kev xaiv nrog txhuas yam. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws radiators - nrog tooj liab los yog hlau phab ntsa. Tsis tas li ntawd, rau cov xim "xim kub" dhau heev lawm, cov kiv cua muaj hlau tuaj, tsis yog cov yas, zoo tshaj plaws. lawv tuaj yeem qhuav.
Qhov ntev ntawm daim video phaib
Yog tias koj muaj lub me me thiab / lossis pheej yig niam daim pib, sim sim xaiv cov khoom siv me me, txij li ntawd loj heev tuaj yeem khoov ib qho tsis muaj zog los yog tsis yooj yim rau hauv nws yog tias nws yog qhov tsawg dhau.
Sib cais, xws li, tsis muaj. Qee cov ntawv teev npe me me, tab sis cov no feem ntau yog cov qauv qaug zog yam tsis muaj qhov system txias, los yog nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob me me. Piav qhov ntev yog qhov zoo dua los qhia rau ntawm lub khw muag khoom lub website lossis hauv khw thaum yuav khoom.
Qhov dav ntawm daim video yuav nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg tus connectors rau nws. Rau cov luam tawm pheej yig muaj feem ntau yog ib qho kev sib txuas (2 daim ntawm ib kab).
Video Card Connectors
Cov npe ntawm sab nrauv muaj xws li:
- DVI - nrog nws, koj tuaj yeem txuas mus rau niaj hnub saib, yog li no tus connector nyob rau txhua daim video. Nws yog subdivided rau hauv ob subtypes - DVI-D thiab DVI-Kuv. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thawj zaug muaj tsuas yog ib lub digital connector, nyob rau hauv lub thib ob muaj kuj yog ib qho teeb liab analog;
- HDMI - nws yuav siv tau los txuas rau niaj hnub TVs rau lub computer. Cov connector no tsuas yog nyob ntawm daim ntawv teev npe ntawm tus nqi nruab nrab thiab tus nqi siab;
- VGA - yuav tsum tau mus cuag ntau tus neeg saib xyuas thiab projectors;
- Displayport - Tsuas muaj tsawg tus qauv ntawm daim video card, siv los txuas ib daim ntawv me me ntawm cov saib xyuas tshwj xeeb.
Tsis tas li ntawd, nco ntsoov xyuas kom muaj kev sib txuas lus tshwj xeeb rau lwm lub hwj huam ntau ntawm daim npav video (nws tsis yog li ntawd tsim nyog rau cov qauv rau "chaw ua haujlwm machine" thiab cov chaw zov me nyuam multimedia). Lawv muab faib ua 6 thiab 8-tus pin. Ua haujlwm kom raug, nws yog qhov tsim nyog uas koj lub niam ntawv thiab lub hwj huam muab kev txhawb nqa cov tswv txuas nrog thiab cov xov tooj.
Zov video card yug
Niam daim ntawv ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg qhov loj muaj ntau qhov qhib rau cov ntawv teev lus video. Feem ntau lawv cov nab npawb tsis tshaj 4 npav, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov khoos kas tshwj xeeb kuj yuav muaj me ntsis ntxiv. Ntxiv nrog rau cov neeg txuas khoom pub dawb, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ntseeg tau tias cov ntawv teev lus hauv xov tooj yuav ua haujlwm nrog sib. Ua li no, xav txog qee qhov kev cai:
- Lub motherboard yuav tsum txhawb txoj haujlwm ntawm ob peb daim video ua ke. Qee lub sij hawm nws tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsim nyog txuas muaj, tab sis lub motherboard txhawb kev ua hauj lwm ntawm tsuas yog ib qho graphics adapter, thaum lub "ntxiv" connector ua ib qho tshwj xeeb muaj nuj nqis;
- Txhua daim video yuav tsum ua raws li tus qauv - NVIDIA los yog AMD. Txwv tsis pub, lawv yuav tsis muaj peev xwm sib cuam tshuam nrog lwm tus thiab yuav tsis sib haum, uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev tsoo;
- Ntawm cov ntawv teev lus graphics, yuav tsum muaj kev sib txuas lus tshwj xeeb rau kev txuas nrog lwm cov adapters nrog lawv, txwv tsis pub koj yuav tsis tau txais kev kawm zoo. Yog tias tsuas muaj ib txoj hlua ntawm daim card xwb, ces tsuas yog ib lub adapter txuas nrog xwb; yog tias muaj ob lub tswv yim, ces qhov ntau daim ntxiv video card nce mus rau 3, ntxiv rau qhov tseem ceeb.
Muaj lwm txoj cai tseem ceeb hais txog lub niam ntawv - yuav tsum muaj kev txhawb nqa rau ib qho ntawm daim npav graphics hauv cov khoom lag luam - SLI lossis CrossFire. Thawj zaug yog lub hlwb ntawm NVIDIA, qhov thib ob yog AMD. Raws li txoj cai, feem ntau ntawm cov niam txiv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov nyiaj txiag thiab qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev siv nyiaj txiag, muaj kev pab rau tsuas yog ib tug ntawm lawv xwb. Yog li, yog tias koj muaj NVIDIA adapter, thiab koj xav yuav lwm daim ntawv los ntawm tib lub chaw tsim tshuaj, tab sis lub niam ntawv tsuas yog txhawb nqa AMD kev sib txuas lus, koj yuav tsum hloov daim card graphics loj nrog ib qho analog ntawm AMD thiab yuav ib qho ntxiv ntawm tib lub chaw tsim tshuaj.
Nws tsis muaj teeb meem uas siv tshuab motherboard cov kev txhawb zog - ib daim video los ntawm txhua lub chaw muag khoom yuav ua haujlwm nplua (yog tias nws yog tseem sib txuas nrog lub hauv paus processor), tiam sis yog koj xav nruab ob phaib, ces koj yuav muaj teeb meem ntawm qhov no.
Cia peb xav txog qhov zoo ntawm ntau daim video ua haujlwm ua ke:
- Ua kom nce qib taus;
- Qee lub sij hawm nws yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua los yuav ib daim video card ntxiv (raws li tus nqi zoo tshaj) dua li nruab ib lub tshiab, muaj hwj chim dua;
- Yog tias ib daim npav tsis ua tiav, lub koos pis tawj yuav nyob twj ywm ua haujlwm thiab yuav tsum tau hnav hnyav ua si, txawm tias yog qis dua.
Nws kuj muaj qhov tsis zoo:
- Cov teeb meem sib thooj. Qee zaum, thaum nruab ib ob daim video, kev ua haujlwm tsuas tuaj yeem mob heev;
- Rau kev lag luam ruaj khov, koj xav tau lub hwjchim ntawm lub zog thiab zoo txias, vim tias kev siv fais fab thiab kev hloov cua sov hloov ntawm ob daim video uas tau muab coj los tso ua ke tau zoo heev;
- Lawv tuaj yeem tsim suab ntau dua vim li cas los ntawm yav dhau los.
Thaum muas ib daim video, nco ntsoov sib piv tag nrho cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub niam ntawv, lub hwj huam thiab CPU nrog cov lus pom zoo rau qhov qauv no. Tsis tas li ntawd, nco ntsoov yuav cov qauv uas qhov loj tshaj plaws tau muab rau, txij li thaum Qhov kev tivthaiv ntawm lub tshuab khomob yuav raug rau cov loads hnyav thiab tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tsis tau txhua lub sijhawm. Qhov sij hawm qis nruab nrab yog txawv ntawm 12-24 lub hlis, tab sis ntau ntxiv.
