Routers los ntawm lub tuam txhab Latvian Mikrotik nyob hauv ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom ntawm no hom. Muaj kev xav tias cov txheej txheem no yog tsim rau cov kws tshaj lij thiab tsuas yog ib tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem kho thiab ua haujlwm kom zoo. Thiab qhov kev xam pom no muaj lub hauv paus. Tab sis raws li lub sij hawm mus, Microtik cov khoom yog raug khees me ntsis lawm, thiab nws cov software ua qhov siv tau yooj yim dua rau cov neeg siv nruab nrab kom to taub. Thiab qhov super-reliability, ntau yam ntawm cov cuab yeej siv, nrog rau tus nqi pheej yig, ua cov kev tshawb nrhiav nws cov chaw kom txaus rau cov txiaj ntsig tau.
RouterOS - Microtik ntaus ntawv khiav lag luam
Ib qho tshwj xeeb feature ntawm Mikrotik routers yog tias lawv cov lag luam yog ua tiav nyob rau hauv kev tswj ntawm tsis yog banal firmware, tab sis nrog kev pab los ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm kaw lus hu ua RouterOS. Qhov no yog ib qhov kev khiav hauj lwm uas tsim muaj nyob rau hauv Linux lub. Qhov no yog dab tsi scares tawm ntau cov neeg siv los ntawm Mikrotik, leej twg ntseeg hais tias kom nws txawj rau lawv yog ib yam dab tsi heev hnyav. Tab sis ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov kev kuaj pom ntawm qhov kev khiav hauj lwm muaj qhov ua tau zoo:
- Tag nrho cov Microtik devices yog teeb tsa nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev, vim lawv siv tib lub OS;
- RouterOS tso cai rau koj mus kho cov router heev kawg thiab hloov nws kom ntau li ntau tau rau cov kev xav tau ntawm tus neeg siv. Koj yuav customize yuav luag txhua yam manually!
- RouterOS yuav tsum tau dawb tso rau lub PC thiab yog li muab mus rau hauv ib qho router uas muaj tas nrho nrog ntau yam kev khiav dej num.
Lub sijhawm uas Microtik operating system muab rau tus neeg siv yuav kim heev. Yog li ntawd, lub sij hawm siv rau nws txoj kev tshawb no yuav tsis nyob rau hauv vain.
Siv lub router thiab lub ntsiab txoj hauv kev los daws nws
Txuas cov Microtik routers rau cov cuab yeej los ntawm qhov kev teeb tsa yuav tsum tau ua. Lub cable los ntawm tus neeg zov me nyuam yuav tsum tau txuas mus rau qhov chaw nres tsheb thawj ntawm lub router, thiab los ntawm lwm qhov chaw nres nkoj txuas mus rau lub computer los sis lub laptop. Teeb yuav ua tau ntawm Wi-nkaus. Qhov kev taw tes nkag yog qhib lub sij hawm nrog rau txoj siav ntawm lub cuab yeej thiab qhib siab. Nws mus tsis tau hais tias lub computer yuav tsum tau nyob hauv qhov chaw nyob tib lub chaw nrog lub router los yog muaj network nqis uas txais tau qhov chaw nyob ntawm tus IP thiab DNS chaw nyob.
Thaum koj ua cov haujlwm yooj yim no, koj yuav tau ua cov hauv qab no:
- Tua lub browser thiab nyob hauv nws qhov chaw nyob nkag mus
192.168.88.1
- Nyob rau hauv lub qhov rais qhib, xaiv qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub router los txhaj rau ntawm lub cim icon nrog nas.
Nqe lus kawg yuav tsum muaj cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws. Raws li koj tau pom los ntawm cov screenshot, Mikrotik router tuaj yeem kho nyob rau hauv peb txoj kev:
- Winbox - Ib qho hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb rau kev kho cov khoom siv Mikrotik. Qab lub icon yog qhov txuas mus download tau nws. Cov hluav taws xob no muaj peev xwm muab tau los ntawm lub khw muag khoom lub website;
- Webfig - tincture ntawm lub router nyob rau hauv qhov browser. Qhov no feature tshwm kuj tsis ntev los no. Webfig web interface yog qhov zoo sib xws rau Winbox, tab sis cov neeg tsim khoom hais tias nws cov peev xwm yog dav;
- Telnet - teem caij los ntawm cov kab hais kom ua. Qhov no yog tsim rau cov neeg siv siab heev thiab yuav tsis tau sib tham nyob rau hauv ntau yam nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm.
Tam sim no, cov neeg tsim khoom yuav tsom rau ntawm Webfig interface uas muaj rau tus neeg siv los ntawm qhov kev hloov. Yog li, tom qab versions of RouterOS, lub qhov rais pib yuav zoo li no:
Thiab vim yog tsis muaj lo lus zais hauv lub Hoobkas nqis rau kev nkag mus rau hauv lub web interface ntawm lub router, thawj lub sij hawm koj txuas, tus neeg siv yuav tuaj yeem txuas mus rau phab Webfig nqis. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws txawj feem ntau tseem ua hauj lwm nrog Winbox thiab xav txog nws txoj kev yooj yim tshaj plaws los tsim kho Microtik. Vim li no, tag nrho cov piv txwv ntxiv yuav ua raws li lub interface ntawm qhov chaw tso dej.
Teem tsis yooj yim ntawm tus router
Lub Mikrotik router muaj ntau qhov chaw, tab sis nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim rau nws ua nws yooj yim zog, nws yog txaus paub lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Yog li ntawd, tsis txhob ntshai ntawm nplua mias ntawm tabs, seem thiab tsis. Nyob hauv ntau yam lawv lub hom phiaj tuaj yeem kawm tom qab. Tab sis ua ntej koj yuav tsum kawm seb yuav ua li cas thiaj yooj yim rau cov chaw ntaus ntawv. Ntxiv rau qhov no tom qab.
Txuas rau lub router siv Winbox
Lub Winbox utility, uas yog siv los txhim kho Mikrotik li, yog ib qho kev ua tiav executable EXE. Nws tsis tas yuav tsum muaj installation thiab npaj txhij mus ua hauj lwm tam sim tom qab daus. Pib, lub chaw tso dej yog tsim los ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv lub qhov rais, tab sis xyaum qhia tau hais tias nws ua haujlwm fine rau ntawm lub platform platform los ntawm nyob hauv Wine.
Tom qab qhib winbox, nws pib lub qhov rais opens. Muaj koj yuav tsum nkag mus rau tus IP-chaw nyob ntawm lub router, login (tus qauv -Admin
) thiab nias rau "Txuas".
Yog tias koj tuaj yeem tsis txuas los ntawm IP chaw, los yog nws tsis paub, nws tsis muaj dab tsi. Winbox muab tus neeg siv nrog lub peev xwm los txuas rau router thiab MAC chaw nyob. Rau qhov koj xav tau:
- Nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub qhov rais mus rau tab "Cov neeg zej zog".
- Qhov kev zov me nyuam yuav soj ntsuam cov kev sib txuas thiab nrhiav MAC chaw nyob ntawm Mikrotik ntaus ntawv txuas, uas yuav muab tso rau hauv qab no.
- Tom qab ntawd, koj yuav tsum xub nyem rau ntawm nws nrog nas, thiab tom qab ntawd, raws li nyob rau yav dhau los, nyem rau ntawm "Txuas".
Kev txuas mus rau lub router yuav tau ua thiab tus neeg siv yuav tsum tau npaj mus rau nws ncaj qha configuration.
Nreeb teeb
Tom qab nkag mus rau qhov chaw ntawm lub router nrog kev pab los ntawm cov chaw pab cuam Winbox, tus neeg siv yuav qhib qhov ntsuas ntawm tus qauv Microtik. Nws raug caw kom tshem nws tawm los yog tawm nws tsis hloov. Yog hais tias koj yuav tsum tau configure tus router sai li sai tau - koj yuav tsum tawm hauv lub Hoobkas configuration unchanged los txhaj rau "OK".
Kom mus rau qhov chaw ceev, koj yuav tsum ua ob kauj ruam yooj yim:
- Nyob rau sab laug ntawm lub qhov rais Winch qhov hluav taws xob mus rau lub tab "Nreeb Teeb".
- Hauv daim ntawv teev npe hauv lub qhov rais qhib, xaiv cov kev khiav haujlwm router. Nyob rau hauv peb cov ntaub ntawv, qhov feem ntau haum "Tsev AP" (Tsev Access Point).
Lub Thawv Nias Ntawm Qhov Ncauj Muaj tag nrho cov theem pib ntawm cov router. Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv nyob hauv nws yog pawg los ntawm cov seem ntawm cov chaw ntawm Wi-nkaus, Internet, hauv zos network thiab VPN. Xav txog lawv nyob rau hauv ntau yam.
Wireless network
Wireless nqis yog nyob ntawm sab laug ntawm qhov Ncauj Nres. Cov chaw uas muaj nyob rau editing yog tib yam li thaum kho lwm cov qauv ntawm routers.
Ntawm no tus neeg siv yuav tsum:
- Sau lub npe ntawm koj lub network;
- Qhia kom meej txog qhov sib txawv ntawm lub network lossis xaiv nws qhov kev txiav txim siab tuaj;
- Xaiv hom xov tooj cua ntawm qhov wireless module;
- Xaiv tau koj lub teb chaws (yeem);
- Xaiv hom kev encryption thiab teem caij ib lo lus zais nkag mus rau wireless network. Feem ntau xaiv WPA2, tiam sis nws yog qhov zoo dua los xyuas txhua hom checkboxes yog tias cov khoom siv hauv lub network tsis txhawb nws.
Yuav luag tag nrho cov chaw ua yog xaiv los ntawm daim ntawv sau npe los yog checkbox checkbox, yog li tsis xav ua txhua yam.
Hauv internet
Cov chaw hauv Internet muaj nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm txoj cai Quick qhov rais. Tus neeg siv tau muab 3 ntawm lawv cov kev xaiv, nyob ntawm seb lub hom kev txuas los ntawm tus neeg zov me nyuam:
- DHCP. Nyob rau hauv lub Hoobkas configuration, nws yog tam sim no los ntawm lub neej, ces tsis muaj dab tsi yuav tsum tau ntxiv configured. Tshwj tsis yog tias koj xav tau los xyuas MAC chaw nyob yog tias tus neeg zov me nyuam siv txoj cai rau nws.
- Chaw nyob static IP. Ntawm no koj yuav tsum sau cov kev txwv uas tau txais los ntawm tus neeg zov me nyuam.
- PPPoE compound. Ntawm no koj kuj yuav tau sau koj tus username thiab password, nrog rau lub npe rau koj qhov txuas. Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum nias rau "Rov qhib dua", thiab yog hais tias qhov tsis muaj teeb tsa raug, qhov tsis ntawm qhov kev tsim kev txuas yuav raug muab tso rau hauv cov lus teb nram qab no.
Raws li koj tau pom, tsis muaj dab tsi yooj yim hloov cov ciaj ciam ntawm kev twb kev txuas hauv Internet hauv Mikrotik router.
Lub zos qhov chaw
Tam sim ntawd hauv qab lub network qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub Thawv Teeb Tsav yog qhov sib txuam hauv zos. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem hloov qhov chaw nyob tus IP ntawm lub router thiab kho kom haum rau DHCP tus neeg siv.
Hauv kev txiav txim rau hauv Internet ua haujlwm kom zoo, nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum muaj cov lus txhais los ntawm tus txhais lus los ntawm ticking lub checkbox.
Xwb hloov tag nrho cov ciaj ciam hauv Quick Set window, nias lub pob "Thov". Kev sib txuas nrog cov router yuav raug kaw. Rov qab qhib koj lub computer, los sis tshem tawm ib zaug thiab ces tig mus txuas rau lub network txuas dua. Txhua yam yuav tsum khwv tau.
Tus tswj fwm qhov chaw
Nyob rau hauv lub Hoobkas nqis ntawm Mikrotik routers tsis muaj lo lus zais. Tawm hauv nws hauv lub xeev no yeej ua tsis tau vim kev ruaj ntseg. Yog li ntawd, tom qab ua tiav qhov kev txuam ntawm tus ntaus ntawv, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los muab tus neeg khiav dej num tus password. Rau qhov no:
- Nyob rau sab laug ntawm lub Winbox qhov dej khov qhib lub tab "Tsim" thiab nyob rau hauv nws mus rau lub subsection "Cov neeg siv".
- Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev cov neeg siv uas yuav qhib, ob-nias kom qhib cov neeg siv khoom. Admin.
- Mus rau qhov chaw tus neeg siv password los txhaj rau "Lo lus zais".
- Teem ib tus neeg khiav dej num tus naj npawb, paub meej tias nws, thiab ua raws li cov kev hloov ntawm txhaj "Thov" thiab "OK".
Qhov no yog ua tiav tus neeg khiav dej num tus password. Yog tias tsim nyog, nyob rau tib seem koj tuaj yeem sib ntxiv rau lwm cov neeg los yog tej pawg neeg uas muaj ntau theem nkag mus rau lub router.
Kev tuav qhov chaw
Configuring Microtik router nyob rau hauv phau ntawv hom yuav tsum tau ib tug npaum li cas ntawm kev paub thiab lub siab ntev los ntawm tus neeg siv, raws li nws yuav tsum muaj ntau yam tsis. Tab sis qhov ua tsis tau zoo dua ntawm txoj kev no yog lub peev xwm los kho tus router kom zoo li zoo tau, kev xav mus rau hauv tus account lawv cov kev xav tau. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo li no yuav yog ib qho kev nthuav dav ntawm cov neeg siv kev paub hauv kev lag luam ntawm cov technologies network, uas tseem tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi mus rau qhov zoo.
Cuam Hoobkas configuration
Deleting ib tus qauv nruab nrab ntawm router yog thawj kauj ruam uas los ntawm kev siv phau ntawv pib. Koj tsuas xav tau nyem rau "Tshem tawm kev teeb tsa" nyob rau hauv lub qhov rais uas tshwm thaum koj xub pib lub ntaus ntawv.
Yog tias lub qhov rais tsis pom - nws txhais tau hais tias tus router twb tau txuas nrog ua ntej. Tib qho teeb meem no yuav yog thaum teeb tsa ib qho siv uas tau siv rau lwm lub network. Hauv qhov no, qhov teeb meem tam sim no yuav tsum muab tshem tawm raws li hauv qab no:
- Hauv Winbox mus rau seem "Tsim" thiab xaiv "Pib dua kev txuam" los ntawm txoj kev nco.
- Nyob rau hauv lub qhov rais uas tshwm zuam "Tsis muaj qhov tseeb Configurtion" thiab nias lub pob "Pib dua kev txuam".
Tom qab ntawd, tus router yuav rov ua dua thiab yuav npaj txhij ntxiv rau qhov kev teeb tsa. Nws raug pom zoo kom hloov lub npe ntawm tus neeg khiav dej num thiab muab tus password rau nws raws li tau hais tseg hauv nqe lus ua ntej.
Rename network interfaces
Ib qho ntawm qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov chaw ntawm Mikrotik routers yog xam los ntawm ntau lub npe ntawm nws cov chaw nres nkoj. Koj tuaj yeem pom lawv hauv seem. "Winbox Interfaces":
Yog vim li cas, lub luag haujlwm ntawm WAN chaw nres nkoj hauv Mikrotik li ether1. Cov kev tshuav txuas ntxiv yog LAN chaw nres nkoj. Hauv kev txiav txim siab kom tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog ntxiv kev teeb tsa, lawv tuaj yeem raug hloov dua tshiab rau tus neeg siv. Qhov no yuav tsum tau:
- Ob npaug nias ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj npe qhib nws lub zog.
- Hauv teb "Lub npe" sau lub npe ntawm chaw nres nkoj thiab nias "OK".
Cov chaw nres nkoj ntxiv tuaj yeem raug muab hloov dua tshiab rau LAN lossis sab laug tsis hloov. Yog hais tias tus neeg siv tsis raug kev txom nyem los ntawm lub neej ntawd lub npe, koj hloov tsis tau dab tsi. Cov txheej txheem no tsis cuam tshuam rau kev lag luam ntawm lub cuab yeej thiab yog nyob ntawm koj xaiv.
Internet teeb
Teem kom muaj kev txuas mus rau lub ntiaj teb no network tau nws cov kev xaiv. Nws tag nrho yog nyob ntawm hom kev twb kev txuas uas tus neeg muab kev pab siv. Xav txog qhov no ntau dua.
DHCP
Qhov hom ntawm qhov no yog qhov yooj yim. Tsuas tsim kom muaj ib tus neeg tuaj tshiab DHCP. Rau qhov no:
- Hauv seem "Tus IP" mus rau tab "DHCP Client".
- Tsim ib tus neeg tshiab los txhaj rau qhov ntxiv rau hauv lub qhov rais tuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis muaj dab tsi yuav tsum tau hloov, tsuas yog nias "OK".
- Parameter "Siv Peer DNS" txhais tau hais tias cov neeg siv DNS yog los ntawm tus kws kho mob yuav raug siv.
- Parameter Siv Peer NTP lub luag haujlwm rau siv lub sijhawm synchronization nrog tus kws kho mob.
- Lub ntsiab lus "Muaj" hauv qhov parameter "Ntxiv Cov Kev Lom Zem" qhia tias txoj kev no yuav raug ntxiv rau ntawm cov lus teem rau sab nrauv thiab siv ua ntej ntawm lwm tus.
Qhov sib txuas hauv xov tooj zoo li qub
Nyob rau hauv qhov no, tus neeg zov me nyuam yuav tsum xub tau tag nrho cov kev sib txuas uas tsim nyog. Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum tau ua cov hauv qab no:
- Sau nqe lus "IP" - "Adresses" thiab cob rau qhov chaw nyob IP rau qhov chaw nres nkoj WAN.
- Mus rau tab "Txoj Kev" thiab ntxiv lub neej txoj kev.
- Ntxiv DNS tus neeg rau zaub mov chaw nyob.
Ntawm qhov chaw no lawm.
Txuas kev tso cai yuav tsum tau tso cai
Yog tias tus neeg zov me nyuam siv PPPoE lossis L2TP kev txuas, qhov chaw nyob hauv kem "PPP" Winbox. Tig mus rau seem no, koj yuav tsum ua cov kauj ruam nram qab no:
- Txhawm rau ntxiv rau, xaiv koj hom kev txuas los ntawm daim ntawv teev npe ntawm kev xa rov qab (piv txwv, PPPoE).
- Hauv qhov rais qhib, sau koj lub npe rau qhov kev txuas tau tsim (xaiv).
- Mus rau tab "Dial tawm" thiab nkag mus rau tus ID nkag mus thiab tus password uas tau txais los ntawm tus kws kho mob. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov seem tsis tau muaj piav qhia saum toj no.
Configuring L2TP thiab PPTP txuas raws li qhov qub scenario. Qhov txawv tsuas yog tias tab "Dial tawm" muaj ib qho kev qhia ntxiv "Txuas mus"qhov twg koj yuav tsum nkag mus rau qhov chaw nyob ntawm tus VPN neeg rau zaub mov.
Yog hais tias tus neeg zov me nyuam siv MAC losis tswv yim
Hauv qhov teeb meem no, MAC chaw nyob ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj WAN yuav tsum hloov mus rau ib qho uas tus neeg zov me nyuam yuav tsum tau hloov. Nyob rau Mikrotik li, qhov no tsuas yog ua tiav los ntawm cov kab hais kom ua. Qhov no yog ua li no:
- Hauv Winbox, xaiv cov khoom noj khoom haus "Tshiab Terminal" thiab tom qab qhib lub console, nias "Sau".
- Sau cov lus txib hauv lub davhlau ya nyob twg
/ interface ethernet teem WAN mac-chaw = 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00
- Mus rau seem "Interfaces", qhib cov khoom ntawm WAN interface thiab nco ntsoov tias qhov chaw nyob MAC tau hloov lawm.
Qhov no ua tiav hauv Internet teeb, tab sis cov neeg siv ntawm lub tsev network yuav tsis siv nws kom txog rau thaum lub zos qhov teeb tsa.
Wireless teeb
Koj tuaj yeem kho koj lub wireless network ntawm Mikrotik router los ntawm mus rau seem "Wireless". Zoo li cov Interfaces seem, ib daim ntawv teev cov wireless interfaces tso tawm kom pom ntawm no. wlan (nyob ntawm tus qauv router, tej zaum yuav muaj ib los yog ntau dua ntawm lawv).
Qhov chaw no yog raws li nram no:
- Tsim muaj kev ruaj ntseg profile rau koj kev twb kev txuas wireless. Ua li no, mus rau qhov tsim nyog tab nyob rau hauv lub qhov rais ntawm lub wireless interface lub rooj thiab nias rau qhov ntxiv. Nyob rau hauv lub qhov rais qhib, nws tseem yuav nkag mus rau passwords rau Wi-nkaus thiab teem caij tsim nyog ntawm encryption.
- Ces muab ob npaug rau lub npe ntawm lub wireless interface qhib nws lub zog thiab muaj rau ntawm tab "Wireless" ncaj qha tuning yuav siv qhov chaw.
Qhov tsis qhia nyob rau hauv lub screenshot yog txaus rau qhov haujlwm zoo ntawm lub wireless network.
Lub zos qhov chaw
Tom qab kev koom nrog lub koomhaum kev tsim kho, cov chaw nres nkoj LAN thiab cov qauv Wi-Fi ntawm lub router nyob tsis muaj kev ruaj khov. Hauv kev txiav txim rau cov tsheb khiav ntawm lawv, koj yuav tsum muab lawv tso rau hauv tus choj. Qhov sib lawv liag ntawm qhov chaw muaj raws li hauv qab no:
- Mus rau seem "Choj" thiab tsim ib tus choj tshiab.
- Muab tus IP qhov chaw nyob rau tus tsim choj.
- Muab tus choj tsim rau DHCP cov neeg ua haujlwm kom nws thiaj li faib chaw nyob rau hauv lub network. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv tus txawj sau ntawv rau lub hom phiaj no los txhaj ntawm lub pob. "DHCP teeb" thiab tom qab ntawd ces cia li xaiv cov kev tsim nyog los ntawm txhaj rau "Tom ntej"kom txog rau thaum tus neeg rau zaub mov configuration tiav.
- Ntxiv network interfaces rau tus choj. Rau qhov no koj yuav tsum rov qab mus rau tshooj dua. "Choj"mus rau tab "Ports"thiab txhaj rau qhov ntxiv rau, ntxiv cov chaw nres nkoj uas tsim nyog. Koj tuaj yeem xaiv tau "Tag nrho" thiab ntxiv txhua yam ntawm ib zaug.
Qhov no ua tiav lub teeb ntawm LAN.
Tsab xov xwm raug tsuam tsuas yog cov ntsiab lus yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm qhov chaw ntawm Mikrotik routers. Lawv lub peevxwm muaj peev txheej ntau dua. Tab sis cov thawj cov kauj ruam no yog qhov pib ntawm qhov uas koj tuaj yeem pib dhia mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb zoo hauv lub computer network.