Txhim kho Ubuntu neeg rau zaub mov tsis txawv ntawm kev txhim kho cov qauv duab ntawm cov kab ke no, tiam sis muaj ntau tus neeg siv tseem ntshai rau ntawm nws tus kheej nruab ib lub tshuab neeg rau zaub mov ntawm OS ntawm lub hard disk. Qhov no yog ib qho ua tsis ncaj, tiam sis txoj kev teeb tsa yuav tsis ua rau muaj teeb meem yog tias koj siv peb cov lus qhia.
Nruab Ubuntu Server
Ubuntu neeg rau zaub mov yuav raug ntsia ntawm cov computers feem ntau, txij li lub OS txhawb cov qauv nrov tshaj plaws ntawm architectures:
- AMD64;
- Intel x 86;
- NPAJ.
Txawm hais tias tus neeg rau zaub mov version ntawm OS yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg ntawm cov PC zog, yuav tsum tsis muaj lub cev:
- RAM - 128 MB;
- Processor zaus - 300 MHz;
- Lub peev xwm ntawm lub cim xeeb muaj peev xwm yog 500 MB nrog ib tus installation yooj yim lossis 1 GB nrog ib daim ntawv qhia tag nrho.
Yog tias cov yam ntxwv ntawm koj ntaus ntawv ua tau raws li cov kev cai, koj tuaj yeem ncaj qha mus txhim kho Ubuntu Neeg.
Kauj ruam 1: Download Ubuntu neeg rau zaub mov
Ua ntej tshaj, koj yuav tsum thauj khoom rau ntawm tus duab neeg ntawm Ubuntu nws thiaj li yuav hlawv nws mus rau ib lub flash drive. Download tau yuav tsum tau exclusively ntawm lub website ntawm lub operating system, vim li no koj yuav tau txais ib qho kev sib sab laj unmodified, tsis muaj qhov yuam kev tseem ceeb thiab nrog cov tshiab tshiab.
Download tau Ubuntu tus neeg rau zaub mov ntawm lub sam thawj
Rau ntawm qhov chaw koj tuaj yeem download tau ob lub OS versions (16.04 thiab 14.04) nrog sib txawv me ntsis depths (64-ntsis thiab 32-ntsis) los txhaj qhov sib txuas sib txuas.
Kauj Ruam 2: Tsim kom muaj lub plhaub taj npau taws
Tom qab downloading ib lub versions ntawm Ubuntu neeg rau zaub mov hauv koj lub computer, koj yuav tsum tsim ib lub tshuab USB bootable. Txoj kev no yuav siv sijhawm tsawg kawg nkaus. Yog tias koj tsis tau kaw ib qho ISO-daim duab rau ntawm USB flash drive, ces ntawm peb lub vev xaib muaj ib tsab xov xwm coj los siv, uas muaj cov lus qhia ntxaws.
Nyeem ntxiv: Yuav ua li cas los tsim ib tug bootable USB flash tsav nrog ib tug Linux faib
Kauj Ruam 3: Pib lub PC ntawm lub tshuab flash
Thaum kev txhim kho lub lag luam, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb los tso tawm lub koos pis tawj los ntawm tus qauv duab kaw tseg. Cov theem no feem ntau yog qhov teeb meem tshaj plaws rau ib tus neeg tsis paub siv, vim qhov sib txawv ntawm kev sib txawv BIOS versions. Peb muaj tag nrho cov khoom tsim nyog rau ntawm peb lub vev xaib, nrog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog kev pib lub koos pij tawj ntawm lub tshuab flash.
Yog xav paub ntxiv:
Yuav ua li cas rau configure sib txawv BIOS versions rau booting los ntawm ib tug flash drive
Yuav ua li cas paub qhov BIOS version
Kauj ruam 4: Kho lub neej yav tom ntej
Tam sim ntawd tom qab pib lub tshuab computer los ntawm lub drive, koj yuav pom ib daim ntawv teev lus uas koj xav tau los xaiv cov lus cog lus:
Nyob hauv peb tus qauv, Xaiv cov lus Askiv yuav raug xaiv, tab sis koj tuaj yeem txhais lwm tus rau koj tus kheej.
Lus Cim: Thaum nruab ib lub OS, tag nrho cov kev ua yog ua los ntawm cov keyboard, yog li ntawd, kom nkag siab nrog lub ntsiab lus sib txawv, siv cov yuam sij hauv qab no: sub, TAB thiab Sau.
Tom qab koj xaiv hom lus, cov tshuab raj nruab nrab yuav tshwm tuaj rau koj ntawm, uas koj xav tau nyem "Nruab Ubuntu Neeg".
Txij ntawm no tus taw tes, ua ntej tuning ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej yuav pib, thaum lub sij hawm uas koj yuav txiav txim siab qhov yooj yim tsis thiab sau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog.
- Hauv thawj lub qhov rai koj yuav raug hais kom qhia lub tebchaws ntawm qhov chaw nyob. Qhov no yuav cia lub kaw lus cia rau lub sij hawm ntawm lub tshuab computer, nrog rau qhov tsim nyog. Yog tias koj lub teb chaws tsis nyob hauv daim ntawv, nyem rau ntawm lub pob. "lwm" - koj yuav pom ib lub npe ntawm cov teb chaws hauv lub ntiaj teb.
- Cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov ntawv layout. Nws raug pom zoo los txiav txim seb qhov layout manually los ntawm txhaj "Tsis muaj" thiab xaiv los ntawm daim ntawv teev npe.
- Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum tau txiav txim xyuas qhov kev ua ke tseem ceeb, tom qab txhaj uas yuav hloov cov keyboard layout. Nyob rau hauv qhov ua piv txwv, kev xaiv ua ke yuav raug xaiv. "Alt + Shift", koj tuaj yeem xaiv lwm tus.
- Tom qab xaiv, ntev downloads yuav ua raws li, thaum lub sij hawm uas ntxiv Cheebtsam yuav tsum downloaded thiab ntsia:
Network khoom yuav tau txhais:
thiab koj txuas nrog rau hauv Internet:
- Hauv qhov chaw qhib qhov rai, nkag mus rau lub npe ntawm tus neeg siv tshiab. Yog tias koj npaj yuav siv tus neeg rau zaub mov tom tsev, koj tuaj yeem nkag mus rau lub npe ntawm lub npe, yog tias koj txhim kho hauv ib lub koom haum, nrog tus neeg saib xyuas tham.
- Tam sim no koj yuav tsum sau ib lub npe nyiaj thiab muab ib lo lus zais. Rau lub npe, siv cov lus me, thiab tus password yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas siv cov cim tshwj xeeb.
- Hauv qhov rais ntxiv, nias "Muaj"Yog tias tus neeg zov me nyuam npaj los siv rau cov laj thawj, yog tias tsis muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog qhov ncaj ncees ntawm tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv, ces nias "Tsis muaj".
- Cov kauj ruam kawg hauv lub preset yog los txiav txim seb lub sij hawm cheeb tsam (dua). Ntxiv dua thiab, qhov system yuav sim txiav txim siab rau koj lub sijhawm, tab sis nws pheej ua phem heev rau nws, yog li ntawm thawj qhov rai "Tsis muaj", thiab hauv ob, txiav txim siab rau koj tus kheej qhov chaw nyob.
Tom qab tag nrho cov kauj ruam, lub system yuav luam theej koj lub computer rau kho vajtse thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, download lub Cheebtsam uas tsim nyog rau nws, thiab tom qab ntawd ces ntsaws lub khoos phaub tawm suab.
Kauj Ruam 5: Disk Partitioning
Nyob rau qib no, koj tuaj yeem mus ob txoj hauv kev: ua kom tsis siv neeg los ntawm kev siv cov disks los yog ua txhua yam manually. Yog li, yog hais tias koj tau txhim kho Ubuntu neeg rau zaub mov dawb los sis koj tsis quav ntsej txog cov lus qhia ntawm nws, koj tuaj yeem ruaj ntseg xaiv "Nws pib - siv tag nrho disk". Thaum muaj cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb nyob rau disk los yog lwm qhov operating system, xws li, Qhov rai, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj rau koj xaiv "Los ntawm txhais tes".
Automatic disk partitioning
Yuav tsum muab faib qhov disk, koj yuav tsum tau:
- Xaiv ib hom kev kos cim "Nws pib - siv tag nrho disk".
- Txiav txim xyuas cov disk uas siv lub tshuab khiav ua haujlwm.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no muaj tsuas yog ib qho disk.
- Tos kom txog thaum tus txheej txheem tiav thiab pom zoo rau qhov kev tawm tsam disk uas yog npaj rau ntawm "Xaus cim thiab sau cov kev hloov mus rau disk".
Thov nco ntsoov tias cov cim tsis tshua tuaj yeem muab tsim ob seem xwb: lub hauv paus thiab qhov sib faib sib pauv. Yog tias cov chaw no tsis nplua koj, ces nias "Undo Tshooj Kev Hloov" thiab siv cov qauv hauv qab no.
Kev ceev disk layout
Los ntawm kev khij rau ntawm qhov chaw disk, koj tuaj yeem tsim ntau ntu uas yuav ua tau qee yam haujlwm. Tsab ntawv xov xwm no yuav muab cov cim zoo tshaj plaws rau Ubuntu tus neeg siv, uas yog qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev ruaj ntseg hauv qhov system.
Hauv kev xaiv qhov rai, koj yuav tsum nias "Los ntawm txhais tes". Tom ntej no, ib lub qhov rai yuav tshwm tag nrho cov disks uas tau muab tso rau hauv lub computer thiab lawv cov ntawv. Hauv qhov ua piv txwv no, lub disk yog ib qho thiab tsis muaj qhov tsis koom hauv nws, vim nws tseem khoob. Yog li, xaiv nws thiab nyem Sau.
Tom qab ntawd, cov lus nug txog seb koj xav tsim ib qho kev faib tawm tshiab yog teb "Muaj".
Lus Cim: Yog hais tias koj muab faib ua ib qho disk nrog partitions lawm rau nws, ces qhov no yuav tsis tuaj.
Tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm lub hard disk kab nyob "PUB MENYUAM". Nws nrog nws hais tias peb yuav ua haujlwm. Ua ntej koj yuav tsum tsim ib qhov directory directory:
- Nyem Sau ntawm taw tes "PUB MENYUAM".
- Xaiv "Tsim ib ntu tshiab".
- Qhia kom meej tias qhov nyiaj faib rau cov hauv paus txheej hauv paus. Nco qab tias yam tsawg kawg nkaus - 500 MB. Tom qab nkag mus "Ntxiv mus".
- Tam sim no koj yuav tsum xaiv hom tshiab ntawm nqe lus tshiab. Nws tag nrho yog nyob ntawm seb koj npaj siab yuav tsim lawv li cas. Qhov tseeb yog tias qhov siab tshaj plaub yog, tab sis qhov kev txwv no yog raug cai los ntawm kev tsim cov laj thawj, tsis yog cov xub thawj. Yog li no, yog tias koj npaj yuav nruab ib tug Ubuntu neeg rau zaub mov hauv koj lub hard disk, xaiv "Koom Haum Me Nyuam Yaus" (4 partitions yuav tsum txaus), yog tias lwm qhov kev khiav hauj lwm raug kaw nyob ze - "Yeeb yam".
- Thaum xaiv ib qho chaw, ua raws li koj nyiam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws tsis cuam tshuam dab tsi.
- Nyob rau theem kawg ntawm kev tsim, koj yuav tsum qhia qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws: cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus, qhov chaw taw tes, taw kev xaiv, thiab lwm yam kev xaiv. Thaum tsim lub hauv paus faib, nws pom zoo kom siv cov chaw nyob hauv daim duab hauv qab no.
- Tom qab nkag mus rau tag nrho cov tsiaj ntawv nias "Teem txog qhov muab faib yog".
Tam sim no koj qhov chaw disk yuav tsum zoo li no:
Tab sis qhov no tsis txaus, yog li ntawd lub zog ua hauj lwm feem ntau, koj kuj yuav tsum tau tsim ib qho kev sib faib sib puav. Qhov no yog qhov yooj yim:
- Pib tsim ib ntu tshiab los ntawm kev ua thawj ob yam khoom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev yav dhau los.
- Txiav txim seb tus nqi ntawm qhov chaw disk sib npaug li cas rau koj cov RAM, thiab nias "Ntxiv mus".
- Xaiv hom nqe lus tshiab.
- Qhia meej nws qhov chaw.
- Tom ntej, nias ntawm qhov khoom "Siv li"…
... thiab xaiv "sib pauv faib".
- Nyem "Teem txog qhov muab faib yog".
Qhov pom dav ntawm qhov layout disk yuav zoo li no:
Nws tshua tsuas yog faib tag nrho cov chaw seem dawb hauv qab tsev:
- Ua raws li thawj ob kauj ruam los tsim lub hauv paus faib.
- Nyob rau hauv lub qhov rais rau kev txiav txim siab qhov loj ntawm kev faib, qhia kom meej qhov siab tshaj plaws thiab nias "Ntxiv mus".
Lus Cim: Qhov chaw seem ntawm qhov chaw seem tuaj yeem nrhiav tau hauv thawj kab ntawm lub qhov rais tib.
- Txiav txim seb hom kev faib tawm.
- Teem txhua yam tsis raws li daim duab hauv qab no.
- Nyem "Teem txog qhov muab faib yog".
Tam sim no lub disk nto kom zoo li no:
Raws li koj tau pom, yog tsis muaj qhov chaw seem disk sab laug, tab sis koj siv tsis tau tag nrho cov chaw thiaj li nruab tau lwm qhov kev khiav hauj lwm nyob ze ntawm Ubuntu tus neeg siv.
Yog tias txhua yam koj ua tau muaj tseeb thiab koj txaus siab rau qhov kev tshwm sim, tom qab ntawd ces nias "Xaus cim thiab sau cov kev hloov mus rau disk".
Ua ntej pib ua, daim ntawv qhia yuav raug muab qhia tag nrho cov kev hloov uas yuav sau rau disk. Ntxiv dua thiab, yog txhua yam haum koj, nias "Muaj".
Nyob rau qib no, qhov layout ntawm daim disk yuav suav tau tias ua tiav.
Kauj Ruam 6: Ua tiav qhov kev teeb tsa
Tom qab muab faib qhov disk, koj yuav tsum tau ua ob peb lub chaw ntxiv kom muaj kev txhim kho kom tiav ntawm Ubuntu neeg khiav dej num kev khiav hauj lwm qhov system.
- Nyob rau hauv lub qhov rais "Teem ib lub pob thawj coj" hais kom meej cov npe neeg tuaj yeem thiab nias "Ntxiv mus". Yog tias koj tsis muaj neeg rau zaub mov, ces nias "Ntxiv mus", tawm hauv daim teb dawb paug.
- Tos rau OS installer mus download tau thiab nruab ib lub pob khoom tsim nyog los ntawm lub network.
- Xaiv qhov Ubuntu Pabcuam Teeb Meem tshiab.
Lus Cim: Yuav kom nce qhov kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub system, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb teev cov kev hloov tshiab, thiab ua tiav cov haujlwm no ua haujlwm.
- Ntawm daim ntawv, xaiv cov kev pab cuam uas yuav tsum tau tos ua ntej hauv lub system, thiab nias "Ntxiv mus".
Los ntawm tag nrho daim ntawv nws yog pom zoo kom pom "txheem system hlauv taws xob" thiab "OpenSSH neeg rau zaub mov", tab sis nyob rau hauv txhua qhov teeb meem lawv muaj peev xwm yuav ntsia tom qab OS installation tiav.
- Tos tus txheej txheem download thiab installation ntawm yav dhau los xaiv software.
- Nruab ib lub bootloader Grub. Lus hauv no teb Nco ntsoov tias thaum koj nruab Ubuntu neeg rau zaub mov ntawm ib tug dawb paug, koj yuav tsum prompted rau nruab nws rau hauv cov tswv npaj khau raj. Hauv qhov no, xaiv "Muaj".
Yog tias qhov thib ob operating system nyob rau qhov nyuaj, thiab qhov rais pom, xaiv "Tsis muaj" thiab txiav txim siab txog cov ntaub ntawv khau raj koj tus kheej.
- Ntawm theem kawg hauv lub qhov rais "Kev txhim kho qhov kawg", koj yuav tsum tshem tawm cov flash drive uas lub installation tau nqa tawm thiab nias lub khawm "Ntxiv mus".
Xaus
Ua raws li cov kev qhia, lub computer yuav rebooted thiab cov zaub mov tseem ceeb ntawm Ubuntu neeg ua haujlwm operating system yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam, uas koj yuav tsum nkag mus rau tus ID nkag mus thiab tus password uas tau teev thaum lub sijhawm teeb. Thov nco ntsoov tias tus password tsis yog tso tawm thaum nkag mus.
