Lub Debian operating system yog ib qho ntawm cov thawj kev faib tawm raws li lub tshuab Linux. Vim li no, qhov txheej txheem teeb meem rau ntau tus neeg siv uas nyuam qhuav txiav txim siab kom paub txog lawv tus kheej nrog rau qhov system no yuav zoo li nyuab. Kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem thaum lub sij hawm nws, nws raug nquahu kom ua raws li cov lus qhia uas yuav muab rau hauv tsab xov xwm no.
Saib kuj: Nrov Linux distributions
Nrawm Debian 9
Ua ntej koj pib Debian 9 ncaj qha, nws tsim nyog ua ib co kev npaj. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, kos lub tseev kom muaj ntawm qhov kev khiav hauj lwm no. Txawm hais tias nws tsis yog xav tau ntawm lub zog ntawm lub computer, kom tsis txhob incompatibility, nws yog tsim nyog mus xyuas lub official website, qhov twg txhua yam yog tau piav qhia nyob rau hauv kom meej. Kuj npaj lub 4GB flash tsav, vim tias nws tsis muaj peev xwm yuav nruab ib lub OS ntawm lub computer.
Saib kuj: Kho Debian 8 txog version 9
Kauj ruam 1: Download tau tis
Download Debian 9 yog tsuas yog los ntawm lub website ntawm tus tsim tawm, qhov no yuav tso cai rau koj kom tsis txhob kis tau koj lub computer nrog ib tus kab mob thiab tseem ceeb heev thaum uas siv lub OS twb tau teev lawm.
Download tau qhov tseeb Debian 9 OS ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm.
- Mus rau OS duab download nplooj ntawm qhov link saum toj no.
- Nyem ntawm qhov link "Zaj Duab ntawm Cov Ntawv Tso Cai Tawm Hauv Daj CD / DVD".
- Los ntawm daim ntawv teev cov CD dluab, xaiv lub version ntawm lub operating system uas suits koj.
Lus Cim: rau cov computers nrog 64-processors, ua raws li qhov txuas "amd64", nrog 32-ntsis - "i386".
- Nyob rau nplooj ntawv tom ntej, mus rau hauv qab thiab nyem rau ntawm qhov txuas nrog qhov kev txuas ntxiv ISO.
Qhov no yuav pib download cov duab ntawm Debian 9 qhov kev faib tawm Tom qab tiav, mus rau kauj ruam tom ntej hauv kev qhia.
Kauj Ruam 2: Hlawv cov duab rau xov xwm
Nrog cov duab downloaded ntawm koj lub computer, koj yuav tsum tsim ib lub tshuab USB bootable tsav nrog nws thiaj li pib lub computer nrog nws. Tus txheej txheem ntawm nws txoj kev tsim muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj teeb meem rau tus neeg siv tib yam, yog li nws tau pom zoo kom xa mus rau cov lus qhia ntawm peb lub vev xaib.
Nyeem ntxiv: Hlawv lub OS Duab mus rau USB Flash Drive
Kauj Ruam 3: Pib lub koos pis tawj ntawm flash drive
Tom qab koj muaj lub tshuab tsav nrog Debian 9 cov duab kaw rau nws, koj yuav tsum tau muab nws tso rau hauv qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm lub computer thiab pib ntawm nws. Ua li no, nkag mus rau BIOS thiab tsim ib co chaw. Hmoov tsis, cov lus qhia thoob ntiaj teb, tab sis nyob ntawm peb lub vas sab koj tuaj yeem xyuas cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog.
Yog xav paub ntxiv:
Configuring BIOS khiav los ntawm tus tsav tsheb
Nrhiav kom paub qhov BIOS version
Kauj ruam 4: Pib txhim kho
Lub installation ntawm Debian 9 pib los ntawm cov ntawv qhia zaub mov tseem ceeb ntawm tus duab installation, koj yuav tsum nias ntawm qhov khoom "Graphical nruab".
Tom qab qhov no los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej lawv tus kheej, koj yuav tsum tau ua cov hauv qab no:
- Xaiv ib hom lus nruab lus. Hauv daim ntawv, nrhiav koj cov lus thiab nias "Ntxiv mus". Tsab xov xwm yuav xaiv Lavxias teb sab lus, koj ua raws li koj qhov kev pom zoo.
- Sau koj qhov chaw. Ua ntej, koj muaj kev xaiv los ntawm ib lossis ntau lub tebchaws (nyob ntawm seb cov lus xaiv yav dhau los). Yog tias yam khoom ntawd tsis sau tseg, nias qhov khoom ntawd. "lwm" thiab xaiv nws ntawm daim ntawv, ces nias "Ntxiv mus".
- Txhais cov keyboard layout. Ntawm daim ntawv, xaiv cov lus uas nws yuav haum rau lub neej ntawd, thiab nias "Ntxiv mus".
- Xaiv cov hotkeys, tom qab nias ntawm qhov twg, cov lus hais ua lus yuav hloov. Txhua yam nws yog nyob ntawm koj nyiam - uas cov yaum sij yooj yim rau koj siv, thiab xaiv cov ntawd.
- Tos rau cov txheej txheem ntawm kev lag luam thiab txhim kho cov txheej txheem txuas ntxiv. Koj tuaj yeem ua raws li kev nce qib los ntawm saib qhov ntsuas qhia.
- Sau lub npe ntawm koj lub computer. Yog tias koj yuav siv koj lub PC hauv tsev, xaiv ib lub npe thiab nias lub khawm. "Ntxiv mus".
- Sau lub npe no. Koj tuaj yeem hla qhov haujlwm no nias ntawm lub pob. "Ntxiv mus"yog tias lub koos pis tawj tau siv tom tsev.
- Sau tus password rau superuser, thiab mam li paub meej tias nws. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj tias tus password yuav tsuas muaj ib tus cim, tab sis nws zoo dua yog siv txoj hauv kev kom cov neeg tsis tau tso cai tsis tuaj yeem ua nrog koj lub ntsiab lus. Tom qab nkag mus "Ntxiv mus".
Tseem ceeb: Tsis txhob tawm teb hauv khoob, txwv tsis pub koj tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nrog cov txheej txheem uas yuav tsum tau muaj cai ntawm superuser.
- Sau koj tus username.
- Sau koj lub npe nyiaj. Nco ntsoov nco nws, vim hais tias qee zaus nws yuav yog tus ID nkag mus rau hauv cov txheej txheem uas yuav tsum muaj cov cai ntawm superuser.
- Sau tus password thiab paub meej tias nws, ces nias "Ntxiv mus". Nws yuav tsum nkag mus rau hauv desktop.
- Txiav txim seb thaj tsam li cas.
Tom qab qhov no, thawj txheej txheem ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej yuav pom tau tias ua tiav. Lub installer yuav ntsaws qhov program rau disk partitioning thiab tso nws rau ntawm qhov screen.
Cov nram qab no yog kev ua haujlwm ncaj qha nrog lub disk thiab nws qhov kev faib tawm, uas yuav tsum muaj cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntxiv.
Kauj Ruam 5: Disk Layout
Qhov kev pab cuam rau cov cim qhoos ntawv koj yuav tau txais tos los ntawm cov zaub mov uas koj yuav tsum tau xaiv ib txoj kev teeb tsa. Ntawm tag nrho, koj tuaj yeem xaiv ob qho xwb: "Nws pib - siv tag nrho disk" thiab "Los ntawm txhais tes". Nws yog tsim nyog yuav tau ua kom paub tseeb ntxiv txhua tus kheej.
Automatic disk partitioning
Qhov kev xaiv no zoo meej rau cov neeg siv uas tsis xav nkag siab txog tag nrho cov intricacies ntawm disk layout. Tab sis xaiv qhov hom no, koj pom zoo tias tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub disk yuav raug rho tawm. Yog li, nws pom zoo kom siv nws yog hais tias lub disk yog tag los yog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm nws tsis tseem ceeb rau koj.
Yog li, yuav muab faib qhov disk, ua cov hauv qab no:
- Xaiv "Nws pib - siv tag nrho disk" thiab nias "Ntxiv mus".
- Ntawm daim ntawv, xaiv qhov disk qhov twg qhov OS yuav muab ntsia. Hauv qhov no, nws tsuas yog ib qho.
- Txiav txim seb qhov layout. Qhov kev xaiv yuav raug muab rau peb xaiv. Tag nrho cov schemes yuav tsiag ntawv los ntawm cov neeg kawm ntawv kev ruaj ntseg. Yog li, xaiv yam khoom "Tshooj cais rau / hauv tsev, / var thiab / tmp", koj yuav yog tus tiv thaiv feem ntau ntawm kev nyiag nkas los ntawm sab nraud. Rau ib tus neeg siv tib yam, nws pom zoo kom xaiv yam khoom thib ob ntawm daim ntawv - "Separate partition for / home".
- Tom qab saib xyuas cov npe ntawm cov chaw tsim, xaiv kab "Xaus cim thiab sau cov kev hloov mus rau disk" thiab nias "Ntxiv mus".
Tom qab cov kauj ruam, txoj kev pib txheej txheem yuav pib, thaum nws tiav lawm, koj tuaj yeem pib siv Debian 9. Tab sis qee zaus qhov kev faib tawm disk tsis zoo rau tus neeg siv, yog li koj tau ua nws ua manually.
Kev ceev disk layout
Manually partitioning disk yog zoo vim tias koj muaj peev xwm tsim tau tag nrho cov kev faib koj xav tau thiab tsim kho txhua qhov kom haum koj cov kev xav tau. Ua li no, ua cov hauv qab no:
- Nyob hauv lub qhov rais "Txoj kev cim"xaiv kab "Los ntawm txhais tes" thiab nias "Ntxiv mus".
- Xaiv cov xov xwm uas Debian 9 muab ntsia ntawm daim ntawv.
- Pom zoo kom cov creation ntawm lub rooj faib lus los ntawm qhov pib hloov mus "Muaj" thiab nias lub khawm "Ntxiv mus".
Lus Cim: Yog hais tias partitions raug tsim los ntawm lub disk los yog koj muaj ib qho kev khiav hauj lwm thib ob nruab, qhov rai no yuav raug xa tawm.
Tom qab muab cov lus tshiab faib tawm, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab seb koj yuav tsim qhov twg. Tsab xov xwm yuav qhia cov lus qhia ntxaws nrog qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev ruaj ntseg, uas zoo rau cov neeg siv feem ntau. Hauv qab no koj tuaj yeem pom cov qauv ntawm lwm txoj kev xaiv.
- Xaiv kab "Qhov Chaw Dawb" thiab nyem rau ntawm lub pob "Ntxiv mus".
- Xaiv qhov tshiab qhov rai "Tsim ib ntu tshiab".
- Qhia kom meej tias tus nqi nco koj xav faib rau lub hauv paus faib ntawm lub system, thiab nias "Ntxiv mus". Nws pom zoo kom qhia yam tsawg 15 GB.
- Xaiv thawj hom kev faib tawm tshiab, yog hais tias ntxiv rau Debian 9 koj tsis mus nruab rau lwm lub lag luam. Txwv tsis pub, xaiv zajlus kom.
- Txheeb xyuas lub hauv paus faib, xaiv "Pib" thiab nias "Ntxiv mus".
- Teem lub hauv paus faib qhov chaw los ntawm analogy nrog tus piv txwv hauv qab hauv daim duab.
- Xaiv kab "Teem txog qhov muab faib yog" thiab nias "Ntxiv mus".
Lub hauv paus faib yog tsim, tam sim no tsim ib qho kev sib faib sib pauv. Rau qhov no:
- Rov hais dua thawj ob qhov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov kev qhia yav dhau los kom pib tsim ib ntu tshiab.
- Qhia kom meej seb qhov cim xeeb npaum li cas rau tus nqi ntawm koj RAM.
- Zoo li lub sij hawm dhau los, txiav txim siab seb hom kev faib nyob ntawm seb yuav tsum muaj pes tsawg leej. Yog tias muaj ntau tshaj plaub, ces xaiv "Yeeb yam"yog tias tsawg dua - "Koom Haum Me Nyuam Yaus".
- Yog tias koj xaiv hom kev faib tawm theem nrab, nyob rau hauv lub qhov rais ntxiv xaiv kab "Qhov kawg".
- Ob-nias sab laug nas khawm (LMB) "Siv li".
- Ntawm daim ntawv, xaiv "Swap Section".
- Nyem ntawm kab "Teem txog qhov muab faib yog" thiab nias "Ntxiv mus".
Lub hauv paus thiab cov tshooj lus sib pauv tau tsim, nws tshua tsuas yog los tsim ib qho kev faib tawm hauv tsev. Ua li no, ua raws li cov lus qhia hauv qab no:
- Pib tsim ib qho kev faib tawm los ntawm kev faib tag nrho cov seem seem rau nws thiab txiav txim siab nws hom.
- Teem txhua yam tsis raws li daim duab hauv qab no.
- Ob-nias ntawm LMB "Teem txog qhov muab faib yog".
Tam sim no tag nrho cov dawb qhov chaw ntawm koj hard disk yuav tsum muab faib rau partitions. Ntawm qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam koj yuav tsum pom tej yam zoo li nram qab no:
Hauv koj rooj lus, qhov luaj li cas ntawm txhua seem yuav txawv.
Qhov no ua tiav cov ntawv teeb tawm, yog li xaiv kab "Xaus cim thiab sau cov kev hloov mus rau disk" thiab nias "Ntxiv mus".
Vim li ntawd, koj yuav tau txais ib daim ntawv tshaj tawm txog txhua yam kev hloov. Yog hais tias tag nrho nws cov khoom coincide nrog cov kev ua dhau los, teem caij mus rau "Muaj" thiab nias "Ntxiv mus".
Lwm cov kev faib disk faib
Saum toj no tau muab cov lus qhia txog yuav ua li cas kos tus cim nruab nrab ntawm disk nruab nrab. Koj tuaj yeem siv lwm lub. Tam sim no yuav muaj ob qho kev xaiv.
Kev tiv thaiv tsis muaj zog (zoo meej rau cov neeg tshiab uas xav paub txog lawv tus kheej):
- muab faib # 1 - cag muab faib (15 GB);
- muab faib qhov # 2 - swap partition (tus nqi ntawm RAM).
Kev tiv thaiv ntau tshaj (tsim rau cov neeg siv uas npaj siab siv lub OS ua ib tus neeg rau zaub mov):
- muab faib # 1 - cag muab faib (15 GB);
- Seem # 2 - / khau raj nrog parameter ro (20 MB);
- muab faib # 3 - pauv faib (RAM ntawm);
- Tshooj # 4 - / tmp nrog tsis nosuid, nodev thiab noexec (1-2 GB);
- Tshooj # 5 - / val / teev nrog parameter noexec (500 MB);
- Seem # 6 - / tsev nrog tsis noexec thiab nodev (tshuav chaw seem).
Raws li koj tau pom, nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thib ob, koj yuav tsum tsim ntau yam, tab sis tom qab kev txhim kho qhov system, koj yuav tsum paub tseeb tias tsis muaj leej twg muaj peev xwm nkag mus ntawm sab nraud.
Kauj Ruam 6: Ua tiav qhov kev teeb tsa
Tam sim ntawd tom qab kev ua tiav ntawm kev qhia dhau los, lub installation ntawm cov khoom sib txawv ntawm Debian 9 yuav pib.
Tom qab ua tiav lawm, koj yuav tau teem dua ob peb ntxiv kom tiav qhov kev txhim kho ntawm lub operating system.
- Nyob rau hauv thawj qhov rai ntawm qhov chaw tswj cov npav, xaiv "Muaj", yog hais tias koj muaj ib qho ntxiv disk nrog lub Cheeb Tsam System, lwm yam nias "Tsis muaj" thiab nyem rau ntawm lub pob "Ntxiv mus".
- Xaiv lub teb chaws uas daim iav ntawm lub hauv paus zwm nyob hauv. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog los xyuas kom muaj kev kub ceev ceev kev lag luam ntawm lwm qhov chaw thiab software.
- Txiav txim saib daim iav ntawm tus Debian 9 archive. Qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj yuav yog "ftp.ru.debian.org".
Lus cim: Yog tias koj xaiv lub teb chaws txawv ntawm qhov chaw nyob hauv lub qhov rais dhau los, ces tsis txhob "ru", ib thaj chaws txawv txawv yuav tshwm rau qhov chaw nyob ntawm daim iav.
- Nias lub pob "Ntxiv mus", yog tias koj tsis mus siv lub npe tso cai, txwv tsis pub qhia nws qhov chaw nyob hauv qhov chaw uas tsim nyog rau kev tawm tswv yim.
- Tos tus txheej txheem ntawm downloading thiab txhim kho cov software thiab lwm yam ntxiv.
- Teb cov nqe lus nug seb koj xav kom lawv xa cov ntaub ntawv tsis sib xws rau cov neeg muab kev pabcuam txog feem ntau siv cov phom rau txhua lub limtiam.
- Xaiv los ntawm daim ntawv teev cov duab duab uas koj xav pom hauv koj lub tshuab, thiab software ntxiv. Tom qab xaiv, nias "Ntxiv mus".
- Tos kom txog thaum lub Cheebtsam xaiv hauv lub qhov rai yav dhau los yog downloaded thiab ntsia.
Lus Cim: tus txheej txheem ntawm kev ua tiav ib txoj hauj lwm yuav ua tau ntev heev - nws tag nrho yog nyob ntawm kev ceev ntawm koj lub Internet thiab processor hwj chim.
- Muab kev tso cai rau kev txhim kho ntawm GRUB rau tus thawj xibfwb kev qhuab qhia los ntawm kev xaiv "Muaj" thiab txhaj "Ntxiv mus".
- Ntawm daim ntawv, xaiv tus tsav tsheb uas qhov GRUB bootloader yuav nyob. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas nws yuav tsum tau nyob rau tib lub disk uas yog qhov nruab operating.
- Nias lub pob "Ntxiv mus"kom pib dua lub computer thiab pib siv qhov khi tshiab tshiab Debian 9.
Raws li koj tau pom, ntawm no installation ntawm lub system tiav. Tom qab rov qab qhib lub PC, koj yuav raug coj mus rau GRUB bootloader cov ntawv qhia, uas koj yuav tsum xaiv lub OS thiab nias Sau.
Xaus
Tom qab ua tiav tag nrho cov kauj ruam saum toj no, koj yuav ua tus Debian 9 desktop. Yog tias qhov no tsis tshwm sim, rov xyuas tag nrho cov khoom hauv phau ntawv qhia thiab yog tias muaj kev tsis sib haum nrog koj cov yeeb yam, sim pib OS kev txhim kho dua kom tiav qhov kev xav tau.
